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Transcription Factors & Regulators
Signal transduction often culminates in the activation of transcription factors, a specialized subset of proteins capable of interacting with DNA and either up- or down-regulating the transcription of genes. They are highly regulated with respect to location (cytoplasmic vs. nuclear), stabilization, and post-translational modification. For instance, stabilization and phosphorylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha), a component of the HIF-1 transcription factor heterodimer, regulates binding to hypoxia-response elements (HRE) in the promoters of genes involved in the cellular response to hypoxia.
Transcription Factor Regulators