TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure. TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation. Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein. A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N-terminal 249 aa latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF- beta 1. Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non-covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex. Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix. TGF-beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins. Mature human TGF-beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF-beta 1. It demonstrates cross-species activity. TGF-beta 1 signaling begins with high-affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF-beta RI (also called activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) -5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad-independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.
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Species Reactivity
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Label
Antibody Source
Product Specifications
Immunogen
Ala279-Ser390
Accession # P01137
Specificity
Clonality
Host
Isotype
Endotoxin Level
Scientific Data Images for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody
TGF‑ beta 1 Inhibition of IL‑4-dependent Cell Proliferation and Neutralization by TGF‑ beta 1/1.2 Antibody.
Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 240-B) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Chicken Anti-TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-101-NA). The ND50 is typically ≤100 ng/mL.
Detection of Rat TGF-beta 1/1.2 by Western Blot
Effect of Alk4-/Alk5-inhibition on Smad-phosphorylation under TGF-beta -free conditions (A) Western blot of p-Smad2, 1, 3 of PC cultured for 24 hrs under complete serum-free conditions and subjected to Alk4/5 Inhibitor (SB-431542, 5 μM), rsT beta RII (1 μg/ml) and neutralizing anti TGF-beta 1 antibody (4 μg/ml), respectively. Lysates were probed for p-Smad2, p-Smad1, and p-Smad3, total Smad2, total Smad3, and beta -actin, respectively. Representative blots of four independent experiments are shown. (B) Western blot of p-Smad3 (cross-reacting with p-Smad1) of PC cultured for 24 hrs under serum-free conditions with or without addition of rhTGF-beta 1 (5ng/ml). The blot is representative for three independent experiments. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18266973), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.Applications for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody
Western Blot
Sample: Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 240-B)
Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1.2 (Catalog # 304-B3)
Neutralization
Reviewed Applications
Read 1 review rated 5 using AF-101-NA in the following applications:
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.
Formulation
Shipping
Stability & Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Calculators
Background: TGF-beta 1/1.2
Long Name
Alternate Names
Gene Symbol
UniProt
Additional TGF-beta 1/1.2 Products
Product Documents for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody
Certificate of Analysis
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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.
Product Specific Notices for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody
For research use only
Citations for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody
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Application: Block/NeutralizeSample Tested: MRC-5 human embryonic lung fibroblast cell lineSpecies: HumanVerified Customer | Posted 06/28/2017
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Protocols
Find general support by application which include: protocols, troubleshooting, illustrated assays, videos and webinars.
- Cellular Response to Hypoxia Protocols
- R&D Systems Quality Control Western Blot Protocol
- Troubleshooting Guide: Western Blot Figures
- Western Blot Conditions
- Western Blot Protocol
- Western Blot Protocol for Cell Lysates
- Western Blot Troubleshooting
- Western Blot Troubleshooting Guide
- View all Protocols, Troubleshooting, Illustrated assays and Webinars
FAQs for TGF-beta 1/1.2 Antibody
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Q: Can pro-IL-1 beta be detected by Catalog #s AF-201-NA and MAB601 ?
A: The amino acid sequence present in mature IL-1 beta (Ala117-Ser269) is also present in pro IL-1 beta. So in theory, both Catalog #s AF-201-NA and MAB601 should detect the pro form of IL-1 beta. The results would depend on whether the pro form is abundantly present in the sample type being evaluated.
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Q:
Does AF-101-NA detect other isoforms of TGF-beta?
A: Cross-reactivity testing results are listed in the Specificity section on the Product Datasheet: less than 15% cross-reactivity with recombinant amphibian TGF-beta 5 and less than 2% with TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3, have been observed, as measured by direct ELISA.
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Q: Can pro-IL-1 beta be detected by Catalog #s AF-201-NA and MAB601 ?
A: The amino acid sequence present in mature IL-1 beta (Ala117-Ser269) is also present in pro IL-1 beta. So in theory, both Catalog #s AF-201-NA and MAB601 should detect the pro form of IL-1 beta. The results would depend on whether the pro form is abundantly present in the sample type being evaluated.
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Q:
Does AF-101-NA detect other isoforms of TGF-beta?
A: Cross-reactivity testing results are listed in the Specificity section on the Product Datasheet: less than 15% cross-reactivity with recombinant amphibian TGF-beta 5 and less than 2% with TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3, have been observed, as measured by direct ELISA.