RAR beta/NR1B2 Proteins and Enzymes

Retinoids can reverse various premalignant lesions as well as prevent some second primary tumors. The effects of retinoids are regulated by retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors, which act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Ligand-dependent transcriptional activation of RARs is a multistep process that ends with the formation of a multimeric co-activator complex on regulated promoters (1,2). Loss of RAR-beta expression and the accumulation of p53 and Ki67 proteins may help in the early identification of esophageal cancer in high-risk populations (3).