Mouse Lipocalin‑2/NGAL Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405‑conjugated Antibody

Mouse Lipocalin-2 was cloned from mouse kidney cells (1). Its very high level of expression at the post-stratum uterus gave it the name uterocalin (2). Lipocalin-2 has been implicated in a variety of processes including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis (3‑5). Studies indicate that Lipocalin-2 binds a bacterial catecholate siderophore that is bound to a ferric ion, such as enterobactin, with a subnanomolar dissociation constant (K_D = 0.41 nM) (6). The bound ferric enterobactin complex breaks down slowly in a month into dihydroxybenzoyl serine and dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). It also binds to a ferric DHBA complex with much less K_D values (7.9 nM) (6). Secretion of Lipocalin-2 in immune cells increases in response to stimulation of Toll-like receptor as an acute phase response to infection. As a result, it acts as a potent bacteriostatic reagent by sequestering iron (7). Moreover, Lipocalin-2 can alter the invasive and metastatic behavior of Ras-transformed breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by reversing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition inducing activity of Ras, through restoration of E-cadherin expression, via effects on the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway (8).