Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), also called Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), placental transforming growth factor-beta, prostate-derived factor, and placental bone morphogenetic protein, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily. GDF-15 is highly expressed in placenta and is expressed at lower levels in kidney, pancreas, prostate and colon. It is also widely expressed in brain. Similarly to other TGF-beta family proteins, GDF-15 is synthesized as a large precursor protein that is cleaved at the dibasic cleavage site (RXXR) to release the carboxy-terminal domain. The carboxy-terminal domain of GDF-15 contains the characteristic seven conserved cysteine residues necessary for the formation of the cysteine knot and the single interchain disulfide bond. Furthermore, the carboxy-terminal domain contains two additional cysteine residues that form a fourth intrachain disulfide bond. Biologically active GDF-15 is a disulfide-linked homodimer of the carboxy-terminal 112 amino acid residues. Mature human GDF-15 shares 66.1% and 68.7% amino acid sequence similarity with rat and mouse GDF-15, respectively, which are remarkably low homologies between species in TGF-beta superfamily. GDF-15 has been shown to have various functions, including inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, induction of cartilage formation, early‑stage endochonadal bone formation, and promotion of neuronal survival.
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein
R&D Systems | Catalog # 957-GD
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Key Product Details
- R&D Systems CHO-derived Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein (957-GD)
- Quality control testing to verify active proteins with lot specific assays by in-house scientists
- All R&D Systems proteins are covered with a 100% guarantee
Source
CHO
Accession Number
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
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Product Specifications
Source
Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived human GDF-15 protein
Ala197-Ile308, with an N-terminal 6-His tag
Ala197-Ile308, with an N-terminal 6-His tag
Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal Sequence Analysis
His & Asn199
Predicted Molecular Mass
13 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
10-14 kDa, reducing conditions
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA.
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 957-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha -like Fc Chimera (Catalog # 9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0600-0.600 ng/mL.
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 957-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha -like Fc Chimera (Catalog # 9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0600-0.600 ng/mL.
Reviewed Applications
Read 5 reviews rated 4.8 using 957-GD in the following applications:
Scientific Data Images for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein
Recombinant Human GDF‑15 Protein Binding Activity.
In a functional ELISA, Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 957-GD) binds to Recombinant Human GFR alpha -like Fc Chimera (9697-GR) with an ED50 of 0.0600-0.600 ng/mL.
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein Bioactivity
Recombinant Human GDF-15 (Catalog # 957-GD) activates SRE-SEAP reporter in HEK293 human embryonic kidney cells transfected with human c-Ret and human GFRAL.Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Carrier Free
What does CF mean?CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
What formulation is right for me?In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
Carrier: 957-GD
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCI containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Carrier Free: 957-GD/CF
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100-300 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCI. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Calculators
Background: GDF-15
References
- Bootcov, M.R. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11514.
- Böttner, M. et al. (1999) Gene 237:105.
- Fairlie, W.D. et al. (1998) J. Leukoc. Biol 65:2.
- Fairlie, W.D. et al. (2001) J B.C 20:16911.
- Bauskin, A.R. et al. (2000) EMBO J. 19:2212.
- Strelau, J. et al. (2000) J. Neurosci. 20:8597.
- Schober, A. et al. (2001) J. Comp. Neurol. 439:32.
Long Name
Growth Differentiation Factor 15
Alternate Names
GDF15, MIC-1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGF-beta
Gene Symbol
GDF15
UniProt
Additional GDF-15 Products
Product Documents for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein
Certificate of Analysis
To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.
Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.
Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein
For research use only
Related Research Areas
Citations for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein
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Customer Reviews for Recombinant Human GDF-15 (CHO-expressed) Protein (5)
4.8 out of 5
5 Customer Ratings
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Application: Cell ProliferationVerified Customer | Posted 06/03/2022Used for cell culture
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Application: In vitro bioactivity in cell cultureVerified Customer | Posted 05/04/2021GDF-15 induced cytoskeletal organization gene expression in human TM cells. Red colour is a-sma after GDF-15 24h treatment.
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Application: In vitro bioactivity in cell cultureVerified Customer | Posted 03/25/2021GDF-15 (10 ng/mL) solved in 4 mM HCI containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin.
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Application: In vitro bioactivity in cell cultureVerified Customer | Posted 09/05/2020Cells were treated, washed with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and detect by WB assay.
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Application: Immunoassay StandardVerified Customer | Posted 12/01/2017
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