Recombinant Human/Mouse/Rat Irisin Protein

Irisin (also known as FNDC5) is a 12 kDa glycosylated polypeptide hormone that regulates energy metabolism, stem cell differentiation, and neuronal development (1, 2). Human Irisin is synthesized as a 212 amino acid (aa) precursor encoding a type 1 transmembrane protein with a 121 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 39 aa cytoplasmic domain. The ECD of Irisin contains a fibronectin type III domain and multiple glycosylation sites. The ECD is proteolytically cleaved to release the 112 aa soluble Irisin hormone into circulation (2-5). Mature human, mouse, and rat Irisin share 100% sequence identity. Expression of Irisin is induced in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue during and shortly after exercise (2, 6). Irisin induces expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor  gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha ) and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), mitochondrial-associated metabolic proteins (7, 8). Irisin induces the transition of white adipose tissue into more metabolically active beige adipose tissue. In mice, expression of Irisin has been shown to regulate obesity and diabetes (1, 2). A similar function in humans is suggested (9). Irisin also regulates neuronal cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth in the brain and is involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts (10-14).