Toll-like Receptor Ligands Small Molecules and Peptides

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are single transmembrane cell-surface receptors, which have a key role in the innate immune system. TLRs generally exist as homodimers (although TLR2-TLR6 heterodimers have been reported) and are found on immune cells such as macrophages, B lymphocytes and mast cells.

Toll-like receptors are activated by molecules associated with biological threat and are highly specific towards evolutionarily conserved entities on microbes, such as bacterial cell-surface ...