Human GDF‑3 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405‑conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems | Catalog # FAB57541AFP405

R&D Systems

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

Neutralization

Label

Alexa Fluor Plus 405 (Excitation = 404 nm, Emission = 455 nm)

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG2B Clone # 878751
View all GDF-3 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Specificity

Detects human GDF‑3 in direct ELISAs. In direct ELISAs, less than 10% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 and rhGDF-1 is observed.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG2B

Applications for Human GDF‑3 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405‑conjugated Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Neutralization

Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Formulation

Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied

Background: GDF-3

GDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth/differentiation factor family (1, 2). GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, white adipose tissue and the brain (2-4). The 364 amino acid (aa) human GDF-3 contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 229 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature region that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. The mature region contains a cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. However, it lacks the fourth cysteine which is responsible for the formation of an inter-molecular disulfide bond, so GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer (2, 5). Mature human GDF-3 shares 83%, 83%, 91%, 92% and 93% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine, canine and equine GDF-3, respectively. Most of GDF-3 is present as the uncleaved prepro form (6). The uncleaved and the mature forms both appear to have activity, but that activity may differ (5-8). All forms can oppose BMPs. In human ES cells, inhibition of BMP-2 signaling by GDF-3 maintains pluripotency (5, 7). GDF-3 also influences early cell fate decisions; for example, deletion of mouse GDF-3 produces defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre-gastrulation embryo (6-8). GDF-3 cooperates with GDF-1 in embryogenesis, and the mature protein has nodal-like activity (8, 9). Although GDF family members signal through BMP receptors (ALK-1, -2, -3 and -6), which activate Smads 1, 5 and 8, GDF-3 signaling through ALK-4 and ALK-7, which activate Smads 2 and 3, has also been reported (9, 10). In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet, promoting adipogenesis and obesity (3, 10, 11).

References

  1. Levine, A.J. and A.H. Brivanlou (2006) Cell Cycle 5:1069.
  2. McPherron, A.C. and S.-J. Lee (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444.
  3. Wang, W. et al. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 321:1024.
  4. Hexige, S. et al. (2005) Neurosci. Lett. 389:83.
  5. Levine, A.J. et al. (2009) Dev. Biol. 325:43.
  6. Levine, A.J. and A.H. Brivanlou (2005) Development 133:209.
  7. Peerani, R. et al. (2007) EMBO J. 26:4744.
  8. Chen, C. et al. (2006) Development 133:319.
  9. Andersson, O. et al. (2007) Dev. Biol. 311:500.
  10. Andersson, O. et al. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:7252.
  11. Shen, J.J. et al. (2009) Mol. Endocrinol. 23:113.

Long Name

Growth Differentiation Factor 3

Alternate Names

GDF3, Vgr-2

Entrez Gene IDs

9573 (Human); 14562 (Mouse)

Gene Symbol

GDF3

UniProt

Q9NR23 (Human)

Additional GDF-3 Products

Product Documents for Human GDF‑3 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405‑conjugated Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.

Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

Product Specific Notices for Human GDF‑3 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405‑conjugated Antibody


This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

For research use only

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