Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocols
This protocol is intended as a guide only.
Protein expression and localization can be detected by antibodies in tissues and cells using IHC and ICC staining techniques, respectively. While a rigorously tested antibody will offer target specificity, the techniques employed in sample preparation, staining parameters and detection systems play an important role in achieving optimal staining and target visualization in your samples.
The following IHC and ICC staining protocols have been developed and optimized by R&D Systems team of in-house scientists. These protocols reflect techniques for chromogenic and immunofluorescent (IF) staining, experimental design, helpful hints and troubleshooting, and preparation of samples.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Protocols
- Protocol for the Preparation and Chromogenic IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections
- Protocol for the Preparation and Fluorescent IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections
- Protocol for the Preparation and Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections
- Protocol for the Preparation and Fluorescent IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections
- Troubleshooting Guide: Immunohistochemistry
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) Protocols
- Protocol for the Preparation and Fluorescent ICC Staining of Cells on Coverslips
- Protocol for the Preparation and Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells
- Protocol for the Preparation and Fluorescent ICC Staining of Stem Cells on Coverslips
Additional Protocols and Helpful Techniques
- Antigen Retrieval Methods
- Appropriate Fixation of IHC/ICC Samples
- Designing a Successful IHC/ICC Experiment
- Detection & Visualization of Antibody Binding
- Preparing Samples for IHC/ICC Experiments
- Preventing Non-specific Staining
- Primary Antibody Selection & Optimization
- Protocol for Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER)
- Protocol for Making a 4% Formaldehyde Solution in PBS
- Protocol for the Preparation & Fixation of Cells on Coverslips
- Protocol for the Preparation of Gelatin-coated Slides for Histological Tissue Sections
- Protocol for VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Detection Reagent
- The Importance of IHC/ICC Controls