JNK/c-jun Activators

JNKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) are a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), originally called stress activated protein kinases (SAPKs), because they are activated by a variety of environmental stresses. They are also activated in response to cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1, and growth factors.

There are three isoforms of JNK; JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3. JNK1 and JNK2 are ubiquitously expressed, whilst JNK3 expression is limited to the brain, heart and testis. JNK phosphorylates a ...