Human BMP‑10 Propeptide Alexa Fluor™ Plus 405‑conjugated Antibody

BMP-10, along with BMP-9, GDF-5, -6, and -7, belongs to a subgroup of sequence related TGF-beta superfamily proteins that signal through heterodimeric complexes composed of type I and type II BMP receptors (1 - 3). Proteolytic removal of the propeptide from the 60 kDa proprotein yields a 12 kDa mature BMP-10 which forms disulfide-linked non-glycosylated homodimers (4, 5). In transfectants, BMP-10 is secreted as a cleaved mature dimer, an uncleaved proform dimer, and an uncleaved proform monomer (4). The propeptide of human BMP-10 shares 82% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat proBMP-10 and 19% - 34% with the propeptides of human BMP-9, GDF-5, -6, and -7. BMP-10 is critical for the proper development of the heart and first appears at the onset of trabeculation and chamber formation (6 - 8). Homozygous BMP-10 knockout mice die in utero due to arrested cardiac development (7). BMP-10 is required for maintaining expression of the cardiogenic transcription factors NKX2.5 and MEF2C in developing myocardium and promoting the growth of embryonic cardiomyocytes (7, 9, 10). The BMP-10 mediated proliferation of these cells requires Notch signaling (11). NKX2.5 itself negatively regulates BMP-10 expression in cardiac myocytes (10). Multiple human congenital heart defects result from mutations in NKX2.5 and require BMP-10 expression (10). In mice, genetic knockout of ErbB leads to a similar phenotype but appears not to involve BMP-10, and knockout of the calcium channel subunit FKBP12 induces BMP-10 overexpression (7). BMP-10 in the postnatal heart promotes increased cardiomyocyte and heart size (8). BMP-10 has been shown to induce signaling through ALK-1, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, and BMPR-II in transfectants and non-cardiac cell lines (4, 5). A functional BMP-10 receptor in the heart has not yet been identified, although deletion of BMPR-IA or BMP-10 causes similar cardiac morphogenetic abnormalities (12).