Human IL-32 Alexa Fluor® 405-conjugated Antibody
Human IL-32 Alexa Fluor® 405-conjugated Antibody Summary
Met1-Asn131
Accession # P24001
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: IL-32
Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is an N-glycosylated cytokine that is upregulated by inflammatory stimulation in monocytes, NK cells, epithelial cells, and pancreatic myofibroblasts (1-5). It cooperates with these stimuli to promote the expression of other proinflammatory molecules such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, and CXCL8/IL‑8 (5-7). The longest of several IL-32 splicing variants is the 20-25 kDa gamma isoform which is also known as natural killer cell transcript 4 (NK4) (8, 9). The alpha isoform (IL-32 alpha ) lacks a portion of the putative signal peptide as well as 57 aa from the C-terminal region. IL-32 alpha is less potent than IL-32 beta, gamma, or δ at inducing the expression of proinflammatory molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (8, 10). Neutrophil-derived Proteinase 3 (PR3) cleaves IL-32 alpha between Thr57 and Val58, a cleavage site that is retained in other IL-32 isoforms (11). The N-terminal fragment of PR3-cleaved IL-32 alpha shows increased potency at inducing CXCL2/MIP-2 and CXCL8 expression in PBMC relative to uncleaved IL-32 alpha (11, 12). IL-32 is highly expressed by colonic epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis synovium, and ductal epithelial cells in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (5, 13-15). IL-32 inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro, and it is elevated in the serum of HIV-1 patients (16, 17).
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- Nold-Petry, C.A. et al. (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106:3883.
- Li, W. et al. (2009) Eur. J. Immunol. 39:1019.
- Nishida, A. et al. (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294:G831.
- Shoda, H. et al. (2006) Arthritis Res. Ther. 8:R166.
- Netea, M.G. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:16309.
- Hong, J. et al. (2010) Cytokine 49:171.
- Kim, S-H. et al. (2005) Immunity 22:131.
- Dahl, C.A. et al. (1992) J. Immunol. 148:597.
- Choi, J-D. et al. (2009) Immunology 126:535.
- Novick, D. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:3316.
- Kim, S. et al. (2008) BMB Rep. 41:814.
- Shioya, M. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 149:480.
- Joosten, L.A.B. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:3298.
- Nishida, A. et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284:17868.
- Rasool, S.T. et al. (2008) Immunol. Lett. 117:161.
- Nold, M.F. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:557.
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