Human TROY/TNFRSF19 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody

TROY, also known as TAJ (Toxicity and JNK inducer), and TRADE, is a type I tramsmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and has been designated TNFRSF19. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants for human TROY, encoding a 423 amino acid (aa) residues isoforms 1 precursor and a 417 aa isoform 2 precursor have been cloned. The two isoforms differ in their cytoplasmic C-terminal residues. In mouse, a soluble TROY isoform and a transmembrane isoform with a short cytoplasmic tail have also been described. Human TROY isoform 1 cDNA encodes a precursor protein with a putative 23 aa signal peptide, a 147 aa extracellular domain containing two TNF receptor cysteine-rich domains, a 23 aa transmembrane domain and a 230 aa cytoplasmic region containing no death domain. The extracellular domain of human TROY shares 92% aa sequence identity with that of the mouse TROY. In their cytoplasmic domains, the two proteins also share 57% sequence homology. Among TNFRSF members, the extracellular region of TROY is most closely related to EDAR, exhibiting 33% homology. TROY expression has been found in many different embryonic and adult tissues, and is particularly strong in embryonic brain and skin. TROY has been shown to interact with TRAF family members, and to activate the JNK signaling pathway. Although TROY lacks a death domain, it can induce apoptosis by a caspase-independent mechanism. It has been suggested that TROY has pleiotropic functions during embryonic development as well as in adults, particularly in the development of skin and hair follicles. The ligand for TROY has not been identified (1‑3).