Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Mouse

Applications

Flow Cytometry

Label

Allophycocyanin/Cy7 (Excitation = 650;755 nm, Emission = 767 nm)

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Hamster IgG2 kappa Clone # GL-3
View all TCR gamma/delta Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Mouse intraepithelial lymphocytes

Specificity

Detects mouse TCR gamma / delta.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Hamster

Isotype

IgG2 kappa

Applications for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (GL-3) [Allophycocyanin/Cy7]

Application
Recommended Usage

Flow Cytometry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined. For optimal results using our Tandem dyes, please avoid prolonged exposure to light or extreme temperature fluctuations. These can lead to irreversible degradation or decoupling. When staining intracellular targets, specific attention to the fixation and permeabilization steps in your flow protocol may be required. Please contact our technical support team at technical@novusbio.com if you have any questions.

Spectra Viewer

Plan Your Experiments

Use our spectra viewer to interactively plan your experiments, assessing multiplexing options. View the excitation and emission spectra for our fluorescent dye range and other commonly used dyes.

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Spectra Viewer

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Flow Cytometry

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Formulation

PBS

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C in the dark. Do not freeze.

Background: TCR gamma/delta

T cell Receptor (TCR) gamma delta belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is a heterodimer consisting of a TCR gamma and a TCR delta chain (1). TCR gamma delta is expressed on the plasma membrane of T cells and is involved in ligand-induced signaling and tumor cell killing (1). While TCR gamma delta has structural similarity to TCR alpha beta, each receptor is expressed on unique T cell lineages and have different mechanisms of ligand recognition (1,2). The TCR gamma and delta chains have a variable region and constant region (1). The variable region contains complementary determining regions (CDRs) that form the antigen binding site whereas the constant region contains an Ig-like domain, a connecting peptide, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail (1). TCR gamma delta T cells signal through the canonical T cell signaling complex, cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), to help mediate T cell activation (1).

In humans, T cells expressing TCR gamma delta represents ~1-5% of total T cells in the peripheral blood but can comprise up to 50% of lymphoid cells in peripheral tissues like the intestines or dermis (3). The TCR gamma delta lineage arises from the double negative 3 (DN3) (CD44-,CD25-) stage of development where the cells receive strong TCR signals for gamma/delta selection (2). In contrast to alpha/beta T cells which are CD4+/CD8+, most gamma delta T cells are CD4-/CD8- (2). Gamma delta T cells produce different cytokines in response to varying degrees of signal received through the gamma delta TCR: a weaker signal induces interleukin (IL)-17, a moderate signal induces interferon (IFN)-gamma, and a strong signal stimulates IL-4 production (2,4). There are multiple gamma delta T cell subsets which are defined by the variable segments of the gamma and delta chain present after gene rearrangement (1,3,5). For example, Vgamma9Vdelta2 (Vgamma9Vdelta2) TCRs are expressed on the main subset of gamma delta T cells in human blood (1,3,5). Human gamma delta T cells expressing Vgamma9Vdelta2 TCR recognizes phosphoantigens that are released by tumor cells (3). The phosphoantigens bind butyrophilin (BTN) family members, such as BTN3A1/CD277, that are expressed on tumor cells and this interaction helps stimulate gamma delta T cell activation and tumor recognition (3). Considering their role in tumor recognition and killing, gamma delta T cells and the TCRs may be leveraged for cancer immunotherapies (3,4,6). Strategies for utilizing gamma delta T cells in immunotherapy include chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) transduction in gamma delta T cells, in vivo activation of gamma delta cells with anti-BTN3A1 monoclonal antibodies, or bispecific gamma delta T cell engagers (6).

References

1. Morath, A., & Schamel, W. W. (2020). AB and GD T cell receptors: similar but different. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 107(6), 1045-1055. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.2MR1219-233R

2. Zarin, P., Chen, E. L., In, T. S., Anderson, M. K., & Zuniga-Pflucker, J. C. (2015). Gamma delta T-cell differentiation and effector function programming, TCR signal strength, when and how much?. Cellular Immunology, 296(1), 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.03.007

3. Silva-Santos, B., Serre, K., & Norell, H. (2015). GD T cells in cancer. Nature Reviews. Immunology, 15(11), 683-691. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3904

4. Hahn, A. M., & Winkler, T. H. (2020). Resolving the mystery-How TCR transgenic mouse models shed light on the elusive case of gamma delta T cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 107(6), 993-1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.1MR0120-237R

5. Fichtner, A. S., Ravens, S., & Prinz, I. (2020). Human GD TCR repertoires in health and disease. Cells, 9(4), 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040800

6. Kabelitz, D., Serrano, R., Kouakanou, L., Peters, C., & Kalyan, S. (2020). Cancer immunotherapy with gammadelta T cells: many paths ahead of us. Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 17(9), 925-939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0504-x

Alternate Names

delta polypeptide, T3D, TiT3

Gene Symbol

CD3D

Additional TCR gamma/delta Products

Product Documents for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (GL-3) [Allophycocyanin/Cy7]

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for TCR gamma/delta Antibody (GL-3) [Allophycocyanin/Cy7]

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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