Human/Mouse/Rat MIF Alexa Fluor™ Plus 555‑conjugated Antibody

MIF (Macrophage Inhibitory Factor; also GIF) is a 12-13 kDa member of the MIF family of proteins. Although secreted, it possesses no definitive signal sequence. MIF is widely expressed, and serves to regulate immune reactions. On macrophages and B cells, MIF binds to a CD74:CD44 complex, initiating downstream signaling. On monocytes, this promotes TNF-alpha production plus IFN-gamma -stimulated NO production. On B cells, this promotes B cell survival. MIF also binds to leukocyte CD74:CXCR2 and CD74:CXCR4 heterodimers, initiating T cell and monocyte migration. A tautomerase activity has also been shown for MIF, but the significance of this is unclear. Mouse MIF is 114 amino acids (aa) in length. Its tautomerase activity is suggested to involve the entire length of the molecule. MIF is phosphorylated at Ser91, and an additional, singular Cys residue is covalently linked to MIF at Cys60. MIF is considered to act as a homotrimer. Full-length mouse MIF shows 90% and 99% aa sequence identity with human and rat MIF, respectively.