Human PlGF Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647‑conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems | Catalog # FAB11199AFP647

R&D Systems

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

ELISA

Label

Alexa Fluor Plus 647 (Excitation = 658 nm, Emission = 675 nm)

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG2A Clone # 1038928
View all PlGF Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Specificity

Detects human PIGF-1,2,3 and 4 in direct ELISAs.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Mouse

Isotype

IgG2A

Applications for Human PlGF Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647‑conjugated Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

ELISA

Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Formulation

Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied

Background: PlGF

Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the PDGF/VEGF family of growth factors that share a conserved pattern of eight cysteines (1 ‑ 3). Alternate splicing results in at least three human mature PlGF forms containing 131 (PlGF‑1), 152 (PlGF‑2), and 203 (PlGF‑3) amino acids (aa) respectively (1 ‑ 3). Only PlGF‑2 contains a highly basic heparin‑binding 21 aa insert at the C‑terminus (1). In the mouse, only one PlGF that is the equivalent of human PlGF‑2 has been identified (3). Human PlGF‑2 shares 60%, 56%, 82%, 95% and 95% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine, equine and porcine PlGF‑2. PlGF is mainly found as a variably glycosylated, secreted, 55 ‑ 60 kDa disulfide linked homodimer (4). Mammalian cells expressing PlGF include villous trophoblasts, decidual cells, erythroblasts, keratinocytes and some endothelial cells (1, 5 ‑ 7). Circulating PlGF increases during pregnancy, reaching a peak in mid‑gestation; this increase is attenuated in preeclampsia (8). However, deletion of PlGF in the mouse does not affect development or reproduction. Postnatally, mice lacking PlGF show impaired angiogenesis in response to ischemia (9). PlGF binds and signals through VEGF R1/Flt‑1, but not VEGF  R2/Flk‑1/KDR, while VEGF binds both, but signals only through the angiogenic receptor, VEGF R2. PlGF and VEGF therefore compete for binding to VEGF R1, resulting in a PlGF inhibition of VEGF/VEGF R1 binding coupled to a subsequent promotion of VEGF/VEGF R2‑mediated angiogenesis (1, 5, 9, 10). However, PlGF (especially PlGF‑1) and some forms of VEGF can form dimers that decrease the angiogenic effect of VEGF on VEGF R2 (4, 5). PlGF‑2, like VEGF164/165, shows heparin‑dependent binding of neuropilin (Npn)‑1 and Npn‑2, and can inhibit nerve growth cone collapse (11, 12). PlGF induces monocyte activation, migration, and production of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF. These activities facilitate wound and bone fracture healing, and also contribute to inflammation in active sickle cell disease and atherosclerosis (6, 7, 9, 13 ‑ 16). Circulating PlGF often correlates with tumor stage and aggressiveness, and therapeutic PlGF‑2 antibodies are being investigated for their ability to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis (5, 13).

References

  1. Hauser, S. and H.A. Weich (1993) Growth Factors 9:259.
  2. Maglione, D. et al. (1993) Oncogene 8:925.
  3. DiPalma, T. et al. (1996) Mamm. Genome 7:6.
  4. Eriksson, A. et al. (2002) Cancer Cell 1:99.
  5. Ribatti, D. (2008) Angiogenesis 11:215.
  6. Oura, H. et al. (2003) Blood 101:560.
  7. Roncal, C. et al. (2010) Cardiovasc. Res. 86:29.
  8. Levine, R.J. et al. (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. 350:672.
  9. Carmeliet, P. et al. (2001) Nat. Med. 7:575.
  10. Autiero, M. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:936.
  11. Migdal, M. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:22272.
  12. Cheng, L. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:30654.
  13. Fischer, C. et al. (2008) Nat. Rev. Cancer 8:942.
  14. Perelman, N. et al. (2003) Blood 102:1506.
  15. Cianfarani, F. et al. (2006) Am. J. Pathol. 169:1167.
  16. Maes, C. et al. (2006) J. Clin. Invest. 116:1230.

Long Name

Placenta Growth Factor

Alternate Names

PGF, PGFL

Entrez Gene IDs

5228 (Human); 18654 (Mouse)

Gene Symbol

PGF

UniProt

NP_002623 (Human)

Additional PlGF Products

Product Documents for Human PlGF Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647‑conjugated Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

Product Specific Notices for Human PlGF Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647‑conjugated Antibody


This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

For research use only

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