TLR8 Antibody [Biotin]

Name: TLR8 Antibody [Biotin]
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: NBP3-62249

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP3-62249

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Product Documents

Fc Region Site-Specific Biotinylated Antibody

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Product Specifications
Applications
Preparation & Storage
Background
Product Documents
Specific Notices
Research Areas

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Label

Biotin

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG

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Product Specifications

Immunogen

This antibody was developed against Recombinant Protein corresponding to amino acids: RSYPCDEKKQNDSVIAECSNRRLQEVPQTVGKYVTELDLSDNFITHITNESFQGLQNLTKINLNHNPNVQHQNGNPGIQSNGLNITDGAFLNLKNLRELLLEDNQLPQIPSGLPESLTELSL

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Description

This conjugate is made on demand and is not held in inventory. Each order represents a unique lot. Successful site-specific biotin conjugation is confirmed by reducing SDS-PAGE, revealing a mobility shift of the antibody heavy-chain when biotin is covalently attached. Additional information may be available upon request. The antibody concentration is provided on the individual product label. For specialized conjugation needs, like large quantities, and specific concentrations, bulk and custom antibody conjugation services are available.

Applications for TLR8 Antibody [Biotin]

Application

Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Application Notes

Recommended applications and dilutions are based on validated applications from the unconjugated base product NBP1-70338.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Affinity purified

Formulation

40% glycerol and PBS (pH 7.2).

Preservative

0.02% Sodium Azide

Concentration

0.1 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C in the dark.

Background: TLR8

Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is a member of the TLR family of receptors that play a role in innate immune system activation and the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). TLRs are type I membrane receptors that can be expressed on either the cell surface or internally, on endosomes (1,2). TLR8 is an endosomal receptor and is activated by pathogenic single stranded (ss) RNA (1-3). TLR8 is located on the X chromosome and is expressed mostly in monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid dendritic cells (1-3). Structurally, TLR8 consists of an extracellular domain, a cysteine-rich region, and transmembrane domain, and a Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain (3,4). The extracellular domain contains a N-terminal leucine rich repeat (LRRNT) and a C-terminal LRR (LRRCT) which have 26 LRRs between them, each approximately 20-30 amino acids (aa), and a Z-loop between LRR14 and LRR15 (3). The primary isoform of the human TLR8 is synthesized as a protein 1041 aa in length with a theoretical molecular weight of ~120 kDa (4).

TLR8 is highly similar to TLR7 and both pathways are mediated by the adapter protein MyD88 to signal through IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (1-3,5). However, TLR7 recognizes guanosine and GU-rich ssRNA, while TLR8 recognizes uridine and AU-rich sequences (2,5). TLR7/TLR8 agonists, including derivatives of the immunostimulatory imiquimod, have been shown to be a promising cancer therapy capable of providing anticancer signals to antigen presenting cells (APCs), with many agonists being tested in both pre-clinical and clinical trials (6). Similarly, studies suggest that agonists for TLR8, in combination with other individual TLR agonists and antagonists, may also be useful for treating inflammatory allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis (7).

References

1. Sakaniwa, K., & Shimizu, T. (2020). Targeting the innate immune receptor TLR8 using small-molecule agents. Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology, 76(Pt 7). https://doi.org/10.1107/S2059798320006518

2. Cervantes, J. L., Weinerman, B., Basole, C., & Salazar, J. C. (2012). TLR8: the forgotten relative revindicated. Cellular & molecular immunology. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2012.38

3. Ohto, U., Tanji, H., & Shimizu, T. (2014). Structure and function of toll-like receptor 8. Microbes and infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2014.01.007

4. Uniprot (Q9NR97)

5. Jannuzzi, G. P., de Almeida, J., Paulo, L., de Almeida, S. R., & Ferreira, K. S. (2020). Intracellular PRRs Activation in Targeting the Immune Response Against Fungal Infections. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.591970

6. Frega, G., Wu, Q., Le Naour, J., Vacchelli, E., Galluzzi, L., Kroemer, G., & Kepp, O. (2020). Trial Watch: experimental TLR7/TLR8 agonists for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1796002

7. Golshiri-Isfahani, A., Amizadeh, M., & Arababadi, M. K. (2018). The roles of toll like receptor 3, 7 and 8 in allergic rhinitis pathogenesis. Allergologia et immunopathologia. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2017.09.026

Long Name

Toll-like Receptor 8

Alternate Names

CD288

Gene Symbol

TLR8

Additional TLR8 Products

Product Documents for TLR8 Antibody [Biotin]

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Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for TLR8 Antibody [Biotin]

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.