Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [Biotin]

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP3-72879

Fc Region Site-Specific Biotinylated Antibody
Novus Biologicals

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Label

Biotin

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
View all Tyrosine Hydroxylase Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

This antibody was developed against a recombinant protein corresponding to amino acids: SESFSDAKDKLRSYASRIQRPFSVKFDPYTLAIDVLDSPQAVRRSLEGVQDELDTLAHALSAIG

Reactivity Notes

Immunogen displays the following percentage of sequence identity for non-tested species: Rat (88%)

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Description

This conjugate is made on demand and is not held in inventory. Each order represents a unique lot. Successful site-specific biotin conjugation is confirmed by reducing SDS-PAGE, revealing a mobility shift of the antibody heavy-chain when biotin is covalently attached. Additional information may be available upon request. The antibody concentration is provided on the individual product label. For specialized conjugation needs, like large quantities, and specific concentrations, bulk and custom antibody conjugation services are available.

Applications for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [Biotin]

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Recommended applications and dilutions are based on validated applications from the unconjugated base product NBP1-70338.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Affinity purified

Formulation

40% glycerol and PBS (pH 7.2).

Preservative

0.02% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Concentrations vary lot to lot. See vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C in the dark.

Background: Tyrosine Hydroxylase

The tetrameric enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), also designated as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (TY3H), is the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis and has a theoretical molecular weight of 60 kDa. Encoded by the TH gene, TH catalyzes the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla. The precursor of catecholamines, L-dopa, is converted to dopamine for use in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) (1). Dysfunction in the TH gene, and thus the enzymatic activity by TH, dysregulates catecholamine synthesis.

Two transcription factor binding sites in the proximal region of the TH gene, the TPA-responsive element (TRE) and the c-AMP responsive element (CRE), have been implicated in the complex regulation of the TH gene. Dysregulation of breakdown for the amino acid, tyrosine, by TH is a result of a genetic disorder that results in Tyrosinemia (high levels of tyrosine in the blood, tissue and organs).

Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, where individuals display symptoms that include lack of coordination when walking, postural tremors and unusual body positioning. TH deficient dopamine-responsive dystonia (DRD), also known as Segawa syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with low levels of TH and is diagnosed during childhood with characteristic symptoms including increased muscle tone (dystonia) and signs of Parkinsonism like bradykinesia, tremors, rigidity and postural instability (2). Correspondingly, TH is also linked to Parkinson's disease in older adults, where low dopamine levels are a consistent neurochemical abnormality. Functional polymorphisms of the TH gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and other affective disorders where dopamine is often dysregulated (3).

References

1. Hamanaka, Y., & Mizunami, M. (2019). Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the mushroom body of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. Cell Tissue Res, 376(1), 97-111. doi:10.1007/s00441-018-2969-9

2. Li, L., & Zhou, F. M. (2013). Parallel dopamine D1 receptor activity dependence of l-Dopa-induced normal movement and dyskinesia in mice. Neuroscience, 236, 66-76. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.065

3. Borkar, C. D., Bharne, A. P., Nagalakshmi, B., Sakharkar, A. J., Subhedar, N. K., & Kokare, D. M. (2018). Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide (CART) Alleviates MK-801-Induced Schizophrenic Dementia-Like Symptoms. Neuroscience, 375, 94-107. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.056

Alternate Names

TH, TYH

Gene Symbol

TH

Additional Tyrosine Hydroxylase Products

Product Documents for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [Biotin]

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [Biotin]

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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Protocols

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