Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP3-06777

Novus Biologicals
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Key Product Details

Sample Type & Volume Required Per Well

Serum, plasma, cell supernatant, and other biological fluids (100 ul)

Sensitivity

0.09 ng/mL

Assay Range

0.16 - 10 ng/mL
View all CTLA-4 ELISA Kits »

Product Specifications

Assay Type

Sandwich-ELISA

Kit Type

ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Species

Rat

Specificity

This kit recognizes Rat CTLA-4 in samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Rat CTLA-4 and analogues was observed.

Precision

Intra-Assay Precision (Precision within an assay) 5.18

Inter-Assay Precision (Precision between assays) 6.33

Recovery for Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Recovery

85 - 106 %

Linearity

Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Scientific Data Images for Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

ELISA: Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP3-06777] -

ELISA: Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric) [NBP3-06777] - Standard Curve Reference

Kit Contents for Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

  • Biotinylated Detection Ab Diluent
  • Concentrated Biotinylated Detection Ab (100x)
  • Concentrated HRP Conjugate (100x)
  • Concentrated Wash Buffer (25x)
  • HRP Conjugate Diluent
  • Micro ELISA Plate (Dismountable)
  • Plate Sealer
  • Product Manual
  • Reference Standard
  • Sample Diluent
  • Stop Solution
  • Substrate Reagent

Preparation and Storage

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Storage of components varies. See protocol for specific instructions.

Background: CTLA-4

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), also known as CD152, is a cell surface glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin family with a role in regulation of T cell activation (1). Human CTLA-4 is a 223 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 24.6 kDa containing a leader peptide, a IgV-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail (1,2). CTLA-4 is both structurally and functionally related with another member of the immunoglobulin-related receptor family, CD28 (1-3). CTLA-4 and CD28 receptors are both expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and share two common ligands, CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) (2,3). While CD28 is present on the plasma membrane of T cells, CTLA-4 is predominantly expressed intracellularly on vesicles in FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and activated T cells due to endocytosis (3). While they share ligands, the two receptors have opposing functions in T cell activation; CD28 is involved in activation of T cells, while CTLA-4 functions as a negative regulator of T cell response (2,3). One of the primary functions of CTLA-4 is preventing autoimmunity (1-4).

Similar to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), CTLA-4 is an inhibitory immune checkpoint protein (3,5). Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy using drugs or antibodies to target CTLA-4 is one of the main approaches for cancer treatment (5). A number of drugs targeting CTLA-4, or a combination of CTLA-4/PD-1, have been approved for treatment of various cancers like melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer (5). While blocking CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment is a promising cancer therapeutic, the absence of CTLA-4 under normal conditions can have deleterious effects. Studies have found that patients with CTLA-4 deficiency or mutations have clinical features associated with autoimmunity and immune dysregulation (4). Treatment options for CTLA-4 deficiency includes immunoglobulin-replacement therapy, corticosteroids, CTLA-4-immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein, and, in life-threatening cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (4,6). Additionally, engaging CD80/CD86 with CTLA-4-Ig is a common immunosuppressive treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and kidney transplant recipients (6).

References

1. Romo-Tena, J., Gomez-Martin, D., & Alcocer-Varela, J. (2013). CTLA-4 and autoimmunity: new insights into the dual regulator of tolerance. Autoimmunity reviews, 12(12), 1171-1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.07.002

2. Hosseini, A., Gharibi, T., Marofi, F., Babaloo, Z., & Baradaran, B. (2020). CTLA-4: From mechanism to autoimmune therapy. International immunopharmacology, 80, 106221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106221

3. Rowshanravan, B., Halliday, N., & Sansom, D. M. (2018). CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy. Blood, 131(1), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-06-741033

4. Verma, N., Burns, S. O., Walker, L., & Sansom, D. M. (2017). Immune deficiency and autoimmunity in patients with CTLA-4 (CD152) mutations. Clinical and experimental immunology, 190(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12997

5. Rotte A. (2019). Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers for treatment of cancer. Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 38(1), 255. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-019-1259-z

6. Bluestone, J. A., St Clair, E. W., & Turka, L. A. (2006). CTLA4Ig: bridging the basic immunology with clinical application. Immunity, 24(3), 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2006.03.001

Long Name

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Molecule 4

Alternate Names

CD152, CTLA4

Gene Symbol

CTLA4

Additional CTLA-4 Products

Product Documents for Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for Rat CTLA-4 ELISA Kit (Colorimetric)

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. ELISA Kits are guaranteed for 6 months from date of receipt.

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