GAD2/GAD65 Antibody

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NB110-41528

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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine, Hamster, Monkey

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Western Blot, In vitro assay, Microarray

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
View all GAD2/GAD65 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal region (aa 5-22) of human GAD65.

Localization

Cytoplasmic

Marker

GABAergic Neuronal Marker

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Scientific Data Images for GAD2/GAD65 Antibody

Western Blot: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528]

Western Blot: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528]

Western Blot: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528] - Whole extract of Rat brain were separated on SDS-PAGE and probed with Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (5-22) antibody produced in Rabbit. The antibody was developed using 1:10,000 Anti-Rabbit IgG (whole molecule)-Peroxidase antibody produced in Goat.Lanes:1. 1:4000 antibody2. 1:8000 antibody3. Negative Control
Immunohistochemistry: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528]

Immunohistochemistry: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528]

Immunohistochemistry: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528] - Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded Rat pancreas tissue sections were stained with 1:1,000 Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (5-22) antibody produced in Rabbit followed by 20 ug/mL Anti-Rabbit IgG (whole molecule)-Biotin antibody produced in Goat and by 20 ug/mL ExtrAvidin-Peroxidase.
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: GAD2/GAD65 Antibody [NB110-41528] - GAD2/GAD65 labelling in Golden hamster hippocampal fomation. Inset: hilus & dentate gyrus. Image from verified customer review.

Applications for GAD2/GAD65 Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunohistochemistry

1:10-1:500

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

1:1000

Western Blot

1:4000
Application Notes
This antibody is useful for In vitro assay (PMID: 21640980).

Reviewed Applications

Read 1 review rated 4 using NB110-41528 in the following applications:

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Unpurified

Formulation

Whole antisera with 10mM PBS (pH 7.4)

Preservative

0.09% Sodium Azide

Concentration

This product is unpurified. The exact concentration of antibody is not quantifiable.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: GAD2/GAD65

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and a putative paracrine signal molecule in pancreatic islets.1, 3 GAD has a restricted tissue distribution. It is highly expressed in the cytoplasm of GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and pancreatic $-cells. It is also present in other non-neuronal tissues such as testis, oviduct and ovary.1-5 GAD is also transiently expressed in non-GABAergic cells of the embryonic and adult nervous system, suggesting its involvement in development and plasticity.6 GAD exists as two isoforms, GAD 65 and GAD 67 (molecular masses of 65 and 67 kD, respectively) that are encoded by two different genes.2,7,8 GAD65 is an ampiphilic, membraneanchored protein, (585 amino acid residues) and is encoded on human chromosome 10. GAD 67 is a cytoplasmic protein (594 amino acid residues) and is encoded on chromosome 2. There is 64% amino acid identity between the two isoforms, with the highest diversity located at the N-terminus, which in GAD 65 is required for targeting the enzyme to GABA-containing secretory vesicles. The two isoforms appear to have distinct intraneuronal distribution in the brain.9 GAD 65 has been identified as an autoantigen in insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and stiff-man syndrome (SMS), 10,11 IDDM is an autoimmune disease that results from T cell mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-secreting $-cells. Islet-reactive T cells and antibodies primarily to GAD 65 (also named $-cell autoantigen) can be detected in peripheral blood of 80% of recent-onset IDD patients and in pre-diabetic high-risk subjects before onset of clinical symptoms. This suggests that GAD may be an important marker in the early stages of the disease.11 Also, autoantibodies to GAD 65 and GAD 67 are detected in animal models of IDDM, including the non-obese diabetes (NOD) mouse. In the NOD mouse, T cell reactivity is initially restricted to the C-terminal regions of GAD 65, but later spreads to other parts of GAD 65.12,13 Stiff-man syndrome (SMS), a rare disorder of the CNS, is characterized by progressive rigidity of the body musculature with painful spasms, due to impairment of the GABAergic neurotransmission. High-titer autoantibodies directed against GAD 65 and GABAergic neurons (nerve terminals) have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 60% of patients with the syndrome.14 Strikingly, many of the SMS patients also developed late-onset IDDM. Antibodies that react specifically with GAD 65 are useful for the study of the differential tissue expression and intracellular localization of this isoform in normal and disease conditions.

Long Name

Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (Pancreatic Islets and Brain, 65kDa)

Alternate Names

GAD65

Entrez Gene IDs

2572 (Human); 14417 (Mouse); 24380 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

GAD2

UniProt

Q05329

Additional GAD2/GAD65 Products

Product Documents for GAD2/GAD65 Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

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Product Specific Notices for GAD2/GAD65 Antibody

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Citations for GAD2/GAD65 Antibody

Customer Reviews for GAD2/GAD65 Antibody (1)

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  • Name: Anonymous
    Application: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
    Sample Tested: Brain
    Species: Other
    Verified Customer | Posted 04/29/2014
    GAD 65 labelling in Golden hamster hippocampal fomation. Inset: hilus & dentate gyrus
    GAD2/GAD65 Antibody NB110-41528

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