HCoV-229E Human Coronavirus Spike RBD Alexa Fluor® 405-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: Spike RBD

HCoV-229E belongs to a family of viruses known as coronaviruses that are commonly comprised of a large plus-strand RNA genome and four structural proteins: Spike protein (S), Envelope protein (E), Membrane protein (M), and Nucleocapsid protein (N).  HCoV-229E is a member of the alpha-coronavirus family and was discovered in 1966 (1, 2). Other well-known human coronaviruses include three viruses that cause relatively mild respiratory disease: HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1 and HCov-OC43, plus three viruses that caused the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV), the Middle East Respirator Syndrome (MERS-CoV), and the global pandemic Covid-19 (SARS-CoV2). HCov-229E Spike Protein (S Protein) is a glycoprotein that mediates membrane fusion and viral entry. As with most coronaviruses, proteolytic cleavage of the S protein generates two distinct peptides, S1 and S2 subunits. The S1 subunit is focused on attachment of the protein to the host receptor while the S2 subunit is involved with cell fusion.  Although HCoV-229E S protein shares high homology (56%) with HCoV-NL63, it does not employ Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor like HCoV-NL63. Instead, HCoV-229E engages CD13 (aminopeptidase N) for cellular entry and replication (3). The receptor binding domain (RBD) of HCoV-229E is solely responsible for receptor binding through three extended receptor binding loops (4).

Product Datasheets

Related Research Areas

• Infectious Diseases