Human PlGF-4 Alexa Fluor® 532-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: PlGF-4

Placenta growth factor (PlGF or PGF) is an approximately 55-60 kDa member of the PDGF/VEGF family of secreted growth factors that share a conserved pattern of eight cysteines (1). Alternative splicing generates multiple human PlGF isoforms containing 131 (PlGF‑1), 152 (PlGF‑2), 203 (PlGF‑3), or 224 (PlGF-4) amino acids (aa) (2, 3). Mature human PlGF shares 66% and 63% aa sequence identity with comparable regions of mouse and rat PlGF, respectively. PlGF is expressed as a variably glycosylated disulfide linked homodimer by villous trophoblasts and decidual cells, with smaller amounts in erythroblasts, keratinocytes and some endothelial cells
(3-6). Circulating PlGF increases during pregnancy, reaching a peak in mid‑gestation; this increase is attenuated in preeclampsia (7). Postnatally, mice lacking PlGF show impaired angiogenesis in response to ischemia (8). PlGF binds and signals through VEGF R1/Flt‑1 and Neuropilins (some isoforms), but not VEGF R2/Flk‑1/KDR (8-10). In contrast, VEGF binds both VEGF R1 and R2, but signals mainly through the angiogenic receptor, VEGF R2. PlGF and VEGF therefore compete for binding to VEGF R1, resulting in a PlGF inhibition of VEGF/VEGF R1 binding coupled to a subsequent promotion of VEGF/VEGF R2‑mediated angiogenesis (8, 9). However, PlGF (especially PlGF‑1) and some forms of VEGF can form heterodimers that alter the angiogenic effect of VEGF on VEGF R2 (4, 9). PlGF induces monocyte activation, migration, and production of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF (1). These activities facilitate wound and bone fracture healing and also contribute to inflammation in active sickle cell disease and atherosclerosis (1, 5, 6, 8, 11-13).

Product Datasheets

Related Research Areas

• Search Cytokine and Growth Factor Products
• VEGF Family
• VEGF Family Ligands