Human TIM-3 Biotinylated Antibody
Human TIM-3 Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Ser22-Arg200
Accession # Q8TDQ0
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Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: TIM-3
TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3) is a 60 kDa member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules. TIMs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins with one Ig-like V-type domain and a Ser/Thr-rich mucin stalk (1-3). There are three TIM genes in human and eight in mouse. Mature human TIM-3 consists of a 181 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 78 aa cytoplasmic tail (4). An alternately spliced isoform is truncated following a short substitution after the Ig-like domain. Within the ECD, human TIM-3 shares 58% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat TIM-3. TIM-3 is expressed on the surface of effector T cells (CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ Tc1) but not on helper T cells (CD4+ Th2 and CD8+ Tc2) (4, 5). In chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and some cancers, TIM-3 is upregulated on several other hematopoietic cell types. It also occurs on hippocampal neurons (7-10). The Ig domain of TIM-3 interacts with a ligand on resting but not activated Th1 and Th2 cells (5, 11). The glycosylated Ig domain of TIM-3 binds cell-associated galectin-9. This induces TIM-3 Tyr phosphorylation and proapoptotic signaling (8, 12). TIM-3 functions as a negative regulator of Th1 cell activity. Its blockade results in increased IFN-gamma production, Th1 cell proliferation and cytotoxicity (5, 10, 11, 13), regulatory T cell development (5), and increases in macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation (14). Soluble mouse TIM-3 constructs which lack the cytoplasmic domain have been shown to inhibit anti-tumor effector T cell responses and to enhance autoimmune reactions (5, 15).
- Anderson, A.C. and D.E. Anderson (2006) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 18:665.
- Mariat, C. et al. (2005) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 360:1681.
- Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Trends Mol. Med. 11:362.
- Monney, L. et al. (2002) Nature 415:536.
- Sanchez-Fueyo, A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1093.
- Khademi, M. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7169.
- Wiener, Z. et al. (2007) J. Invest. Dermatol. 127:906.
- van de Weyer, P.S. et al. (2006) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351:571.
- Gielen, A.W. et al. (2005) J. Neuroimmunol. 164:93.
- Oikawa, T. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 177:4281.
- Sabatos, C.A. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:1102.
- Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
- Koguchi, K. et al. (2006) J. Exp. Med. 203:1413.
- Frisancho-Kiss, S. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:6411.
- Geng, H. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:1411.
Product Datasheets
Citation for Human TIM-3 Biotinylated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
1 Citation: Showing 1 - 1
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Regulation of virus-specific CD4(+) T cell function by multiple costimulatory receptors during chronic HIV infection.
Authors: Kassu A, Marcus RA, D'Souza MB
J. Immunol., 2010;185(5):3007-18.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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