Mouse/Hamster GDF-9 Antibody
Mouse/Hamster GDF-9 Antibody Summary
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of Mouse and Hamster GDF‑9 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of human ovary tissue and CHO Chinese hamster ovary cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Mouse/Hamster GDF-9 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF739) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for GDF-9 at approximately 18 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
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GDF‑9 in Mouse Ovary. GDF-9 was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse ovary using Goat Anti-Mouse/Hamster GDF-9 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF739) at 5 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to developing oocytes. View our protocol for Fluorescent IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: GDF-9
Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta ) superfamily, and is an oocyte secreted paracrine factor essential for mammalian ovarian folliculogenesis (1‑2). Mouse GDF-9 is synthesized as a 441 amino acid (aa) prepropeptide that contains a 29 aa signal sequence, a 277 aa propeptide, and a 135 aa mature chain. Residues 340‑441 constitute a TGF-beta like domain. In addition, there is one potential site of N-linked glycosylation in the mature chain. Unlike other members of the TGF-beta superfamily, GDF‑9 lacks the conserved cysteine residue that is believed to form the sole disulfide linkage between subunits in other family members (3). Mature mouse GDF-9 shares 90% aa sequence identity with mature human GDF 9. The protein is expressed throughout the development of the maturing follicle (2). GDF-9 functions as a paracrine factor in the regulation of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and is essential for fertility (2, 4). Studies on GDF-9 null mice have demonstrated arrested follicular development at the primary follicle stage (5). Mouse GDF-9 induces Smad2 phosphorylation and inhibin production in rat diethylstilbestrol treated granulosa cells (6) and in human granulosa-luteal cells (7). The downstream signaling actions of GDF 9 are mediated by the type I receptor, activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), initiating the subsequent activation of Smad2 and Smad3 (2, 8). GDF 9 uses the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII) as its other signaling receptor (2, 9).
- McGrath, S.A. et al. (1995) Mol. Endocrinol. 9:131.
- Mottershead, D.G. et al. (2008) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 283:58.
- McPherron, A.C. and S.-J. Lee (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 268:3444.
- Gilchrist, R.B. et al. (2006) J. Cell. Sci. 119:3811.
- Dong, J. et al. (1996) Nature 383:531.
- Roh, J.S. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:172.
- Kaivo-Oja, N. et al. (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88:755.
- Mazerbourg, S. et al. (2004) Mol. Endocrinol. 18:653.
- Vitt, U.A. et al. (2002) Biol. Reprod. 67:473.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Mouse/Hamster GDF-9 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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GDF9 is transiently expressed in oocytes before follicle formation in the human fetal ovary and is regulated by a novel NOBOX transcript.
Authors: Bayne R, Kinnell H, Coutts S, He J, Childs A, Anderson R
PLoS ONE, 2015-03-19;10(3):e0119819.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood.
Authors: Johnson J, Bagley J, Skaznik-Wikiel M, Lee HJ, Adams GB, Niikura Y, Tschudy KS, Tilly JC, Cortes ML, Forkert R, Spitzer T, Iacomini J, Scadden DT, Tilly JL
Cell, 2005-07-29;122(2):303-15.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-Fr
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