Mouse ZNRF3 Alexa Fluor® 405-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: ZNRF3

ZNRF3 (Zinc/RING Finger protein 3) is a member of the ZNRF3 family of type 1 transmembrane ubiquitin ligases (1). Mature mouse ZNRF3 consists of a 163 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with a protease associated (PA) domain fold, a short transmembrane segment, and a 675 aa cytoplasmic tail that contains a RING-type zinc finger with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Within the ECD, mouse and human ZNRF3 share 98% sequence identity. ZNRF3 is co-expressed on the cell surface with the homologous protein RNF43. Both proteins serve to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway through the ubiquitination of LRP6 and a majority of the Frizzled family of Wnt receptors (1, 4, 6). ZNRF3 ubiquitin ligase activity is regulated jointly by R-Spondin and its cell surface receptors, Lgr4, 5, and 6 (2). The R-Spondin-Lgr complex binds to and facilitates the removal of the ZNRF3 from the plasma membrane, resulting in an enhancement of Wnt signaling (3, 4). Conversely, ZNRF3 can antagonize R-Spondin enhanced Wnt signaling (3, 5). ZNRF3 is highly expressed in crypt stem cells of the intestine where it modulates Wnt-induced cell proliferation to control the turnover of intestinal epithelial cells (6). ZNRF3 expression is down-regulated in gastric carcinomas, and ZNRF3 mutations are linked to carcinomas of the gastric tract, pancreas, liver, and ovary (7-10).

Product Datasheets

Related Research Areas

• E3 Ubiquitin Ligases
• Wnt Signaling Modulators