CD28 and CTLA-4, together with their ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant co-stimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD28 and CTLA-4 are composed of a single Ig
V-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD28 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2 and mouse chromosome 1. Mouse CD28 is expressed constitutively on virtually 100% of mouse T cells and on developing thymocytes. Cell surface expression of mouse CD28 is down-regulated upon ligation of CD28 in the presence of PMA or PHA. In contrast, CTLA-4 is not expressed constitutively but is up-regulated rapidly following T cell activation and CD28 ligation. Cell surface expression of mouse CTLA-4 peaks approximately 48 hours after activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28. CD28/B7 interaction has been shown to prevent apoptosis of activated T cells via the
up-regulation of bcl-XL. CD28 ligation has also been shown to regulate Th1/Th2 differentiation.
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Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc, CF
R&D Systems | Catalog # 342-CD
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Key Product Details
- R&D Systems NS0-derived Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc (342-CD)
- Quality control testing to verify active proteins with lot specific assays by in-house scientists
- All R&D Systems proteins are covered with a 100% guarantee
Source
NS0
Accession Number
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Applications
Bioactivity
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Product Specifications
Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived CD28 protein
| Human/Cynomolgus Monkey/Rhesus Macaque CD28 (Asn19-Pro152) Accession # P10747 |
DMD | Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330) |
| N-terminus | C-terminus |
Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
N-terminal Sequence Analysis
Asn19
Predicted Molecular Mass
42.2 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
60-70 kDa, reducing conditions
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA.
When Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus Monkey/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc Chimera is coated at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well), the concentration of Recombinant Human B7-1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 140-B1) that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is approximately 0.05-0.3 μg/mL.
When Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus Monkey/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc Chimera is coated at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well), the concentration of Recombinant Human B7-1/CD80 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 140-B1) that produces 50% of the optimal binding response is approximately 0.05-0.3 μg/mL.
Reviewed Applications
Read 2 reviews rated 4.5 using 342-CD in the following applications:
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
342-CD
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
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| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Calculators
Background: CD28
References
- Lenschow, D.J. et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233.
- Hathcock, K.S. and R.J. Hodes (1996) Advances in Immunol. 62:131.
- Ward, S.G. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:361.
Alternate Names
CD28
Gene Symbol
CD28
UniProt
Additional CD28 Products
Product Documents for Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc, CF
Certificate of Analysis
To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.
Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.
Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc, CF
For research use only
Citations for Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc, CF
Customer Reviews for Recombinant Human/Cynomolgus/Rhesus Macaque CD28 Fc, CF (2)
4.5 out of 5
2 Customer Ratings
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Application: ELISAVerified Customer | Posted 09/12/2024
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Application: Binding assay/Protein-protein interactionVerified Customer | Posted 09/12/2020Protein:protein interaction by Octet. Immobilize CD28-Fc and monitor interaction of CD80. Fitting KD ~2-3uM
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