Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein

R&D Systems | Catalog # 2177-GL

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Key Product Details

  • R&D Systems NS0-derived Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein (2177-GL)
  • Quality control testing to verify active proteins with lot specific assays by in-house scientists
  • All R&D Systems proteins are covered with a 100% guarantee

Source

NS0

Accession Number

AAO89011

Applications

Bioactivity
View all GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Proteins and Enzymes »

Product Specifications

Source

Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 protein
Thr47-Ser173, with an N-terminal 10-His tag

Purity

>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.

N-terminal Sequence Analysis

His

Predicted Molecular Mass

16 kDa

SDS-PAGE

16-26 kDa, reducing conditions

Activity

Measured by its ability to stimulate mouse T cell proliferation in the presence of anti-CD3.
The ED50 for this effect is 0.02‑0.3 µg/mL in the presence of 10 µg/mL of a cross-linking antibody, Mouse Anti-polyHistidine Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB050).

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Carrier Free
What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Carrier: 2177-GL
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Carrier Free: 2177-GL/CF
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Calculators

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18

GITR Ligand, also known as TNFSF18 and TL6, is an approximately 30 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF superfamily (1). Mouse GITR Ligand consists of a 23 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 19 aa transmembrane segment, and a 131 aa extracellular domain (ECD) (2 ‑ 4). Within the ECD, mouse GITR Ligand shares 56% and 81% aa sequence identity with human and rat GITR Ligand, respectively. GITR Ligand is expressed on antigen presenting cells, CD4-CD8- double negative thymic precursors, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, and in the eye (4 ‑ 11). Its expression is transiently up‑regulated by proinflammatory stimulation (5, 8, 11). The binding of GITR Ligand to GITR on mouse CD25+ Treg cells permits the reactivation of T cells from Treg‑induced suppression, although this does not appear to occur in humans (9, 12 ‑ 14). GITR Ligand binding to GITR additionally provides a costimulatory signal to activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells (6, 15, 16). This interaction also induces reverse signaling in GITR Ligand expressing dendritic cells to suppress cellular activation through the same pathway induced by the immunosuppressant dexamethasone (17). In the brain, GITR Ligand/GITR interactions enhance NGF‑mediated neurite outgrowth from sympathetic neurons (10).

References

  1. Azuma, M. (2010) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30:547.
  2. Yu, K.Y. et al. (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310:433.
  3. Kim, J.D. et al. (2003) Genes Immun. 4:564.
  4. Tone, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:15059.
  5. Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:5008.
  6. Hanabuchi, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107:3617.
  7. Kamimura, Y. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:2708.
  8. Hwang, H. et al. (2010) J. Neurosci. Res. 88:2188.
  9. Tuyaerts, S. et al. (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol. 82:93.
  10. O’Keefe, G.W. et al. (2008) Nat. Neurosci. 11:135.
  11. Kim, B.J. et al. (2004) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45:3170.
  12. Shimizu, J. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:135.
  13. Ji, H. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:5823.
  14. McHugh, R.S. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:311.
  15. Kanamaru, F. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7306.
  16. Ronchetti, S. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:613.
  17. Grohmann, U. et al. (2007) Nat. Med. 13:579.

Long Name

Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand

Alternate Names

AITRL, GITRL, TNFSF18

Entrez Gene IDs

8995 (Human); 240873 (Mouse); 364031 (Rat)

Gene Symbol

TNFSF18

UniProt

AAO89011

Additional GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 Products

Product Documents for Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.

Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

Download SDS 2177-GL (with carrier)
Download SDS 2177-GL/CF (carrier free)

Product Specific Notices for Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein

For research use only

Citations for Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein

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FAQs for Recombinant Mouse GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 (aa 47-173) Protein

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  • Q:

    This protein datasheet indicates I need to use a cross-linking antibody, Catalog # MAB050, for biological activity. What is this antibody and is it really necessary?

    A: The antibody is directed against a 6x histidine repeat and is recommended for use as a cross-linker of proteins with 6x his-tag. Crosslinking is often used for proteins that require receptor trimerization and can result greater biological activity. R&D Systems Quality Control tests the performance of these proteins in the presence of the cross-linking antibody. Therefore, it is necessary to use this antibody when trying to achieve the same level of specific activity described in the datasheet.

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