TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide and BSA Free

Name: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide and BSA Free
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: NBP2-27405
Price: 479 USD
Availability: InStock

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP2-27405

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Product Specifications
Scientific Data
Applications
Flow Cytometry
Preparation & Storage
Background
Product Documents
Specific Notices
Research Areas

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human, Mouse

Applications

Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, CyTOF-ready

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Monoclonal Rat IgG2b Kappa Clone # 27N3D4

Format

Azide and BSA Free

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Product Specifications

Immunogen

A portion of amino acids 350-375 of mouse TLR3 was used as the immunogen for this antibody.

Clonality

Monoclonal

Host

Rat

Isotype

IgG2b Kappa

Scientific Data Images for TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide and BSA Free

Western Blot: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4)Azide Free [NBP2-27405]

Western Blot: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405] - Analysis of TLR3 using TLR3 monoclonal antibody. Human intestine (A), human spleen (B), and mouse RAW lysate (C) probed with TLR3 antibody at 2 ug/ml. Goat anti-rat Ig HRP secondary antibody and PicoTect ECL substrate solution were used for this test.

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405]

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405] - Analysis of TLR3 using TLR3 monoclonal antibody. Mouse RAW cells were probed with TLR3 antibody (red) and isotype control antibody (green) at 0.1 ug/10^6 cells.

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405]

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405] - Analysis of TLR3 using TLR3 monoclonal antibody. Mouse splenocytes were probed with TLR3 antibody (red) and isotype control antibody (green) at 1 ug/10^6 cells.

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405]

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405] - An intracellular stain was performed on THP-1 cells with TLR3 Antibody [27N3D4] NBP2-27405AF700 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 700.

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405]

Flow Cytometry: TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide Free [NBP2-27405] - An intracellular stain was performed on Raw264.7 cells with TLR3 [27N3D4] Antibody NBP2-27405AF700 (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). Cells were fixed with 4% PFA and then permeabilized with 0.1% saponin. Cells were incubated in an antibody dilution of 5 ug/mL for 30 minutes at room temperature. Both antibodies were conjugated to Alexa Fluor 700.

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Applications for TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide and BSA Free

Application

Recommended Usage

Flow Cytometry

1ul/1 million cells

Western Blot

2-4ug/ml~

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Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein G purified

Formulation

PBS

Format

Azide and BSA Free

Preservative

No Preservative

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: TLR3

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that contributes to the innate immune response, recognizing distinct pathogen-associate molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) (1,2). The TLR family member TLR3 specifically recognizes and binds double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from viruses and the synthetic analog polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) (1-5). TLR3 is typically expressed in the endosomes of innate immune cells including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) (1-5). TLR3 is also localized on the cell surface of fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells (1-5). The human TLR3 protein is 904 amino acids (aa) in length with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 104 kDa (6). It consists of a 23 aa signal sequence, a horseshoe-shaped 681 aa extracellular domain (ECD) containing 23 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a 21 aa helical transmembrane domain, and a 179 aa cytoplasmic region containing a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain (1,6). Upon ligand binding, TLR3-ECD dimerizes and the adapter protein TIR-domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-beta (TRIF/TICAM1) is recruited (1-5). TRIF interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF6 and results in a signal transduction cascade involving activation of transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and activation protein-1 (AP-1) (1-5). Transcription factors translocate to the nucleus, driving type I interferon (IFN) production, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor regression (1-5). Furthermore, TRIF can also interact with receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3 leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis (1,2,5). Conversely, NF-kappaB transcription can also promote chemokine production and promote the WNT pathway associated with stemness and pro-tumorigenic properties (1,5).

Given the role of TLR3 in immune response, its expression or dysfunction has been associated with a number of pathologies from chronic inflammation to autoimmune disorders and cancer (1-5,7). TLR3 is expressed in many cancer types, often related to viral infection, such as cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer (1,5). TLR3 signaling has a dual role in cancer, either contributing to pro- or anti-tumor properties depending on the type of cancer (1,5). Therapeutic targeting the TLR3 signaling pathway is under investigation. TLR3 inhibitors or antagonists are being studied for the treatment autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as of sepsis and atherosclerosis (2,8). TLR3 agonists, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors or therapeutic agents, are being studied as immunotherapeutic treatments of many cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma (7).

References

1. Zheng X, Li S, Yang H. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Human Tumors. Front Immunol. 2021;12:667454. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.667454

2. Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ. 2022;S1443-9506(22)00080-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012

3. Bianchi F, Pretto S, Tagliabue E, Balsari A, Sfondrini L. Exploiting poly(I:C) to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Cancer Biol Ther. 2017;18(10):747-756. https://doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2017.1373220

4. Matsumoto M, Seya T. TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C). Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(7):805-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.11.005

5. Muresan XM, Bouchal J, Culig Z, Soucek K. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Solid Cancer and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(11):3227. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113227

6. Uniprot (O15455)

7. Le Naour J, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Vacchelli E. Trial watch: TLR3 agonists in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology. 2020;9(1):1771143. https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2020.1771143

8. Gao W, Xiong Y, Li Q, Yang H. Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics. Front Physiol. 2017;8:508. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00508

Long Name

Toll-like Receptor 3

Alternate Names

CD283

Gene Symbol

TLR3

Additional TLR3 Products

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Product Specific Notices for TLR3 Antibody (27N3D4) - Azide and BSA Free

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.