Mouse CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Biotinylated Antibody

CX3CL1, also named neurotactin, is a member of the delta chemokine subfamily that contains a novel C-X₃-C motif. Unlike other known chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type 1 membrane protein containing a chemokine domain tethered on a long mucin-like stalk. Mouse CX3CL1 cDNA encodes a 395 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a predicted 24 or an alternate 21 aa residue signal peptide, a 76 aa residue globular chemokine domain, a 236 aa residue stalk region rich in Gly, Pro, Ser and Thr and containing degenerate mucin-like repeats, a 21 aa residue transmembrane segment and a 38 aa residue cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain of mouse and human CX3CL1 can potentially be released as a soluble protein by proteolysis at the conserved dibasic motif proximal to the transmembrane region. With the exception of the stalk region, human and mouse CX3CL1 share a high degree of amino acid sequence homology (> 75% sequence identity). CX3CL1 is expressed in various tissues including heart, brain, lung, kidney, skeletal muscle, and testis. In rat brain, CX3CL1 expression was found to be localized principally to neurons. The expression of CX3CL1 was also reported to be up-regulated on activated endothelial cells. Membrane-bound CX3CL1 has been shown to promote adhesion of leukocytes. The soluble chemokine domain of human CX3CL1 was reported to be chemotactic for T cells and monocytes while the soluble chemokine domain of mouse CX3CL1 was reported to chemoattract neutrophils and T-lymphocytes but not monocytes. The gene for mouse CX3CL1 has been mapped to chromosome 11. CX3CR1, previously named V28 or chemokine beta receptor-like 1, has been found to be a specific receptor for CX3CL1. In addition, US28, a 7TM receptor encoded by human cytomegalovirus that binds multiple CC chemokines, has also been shown to bind CX3CL1 with high-affinity.