Human LAP TGF-beta 1 Biotinylated Antibody
Human LAP TGF-beta 1 Biotinylated Antibody Summary
Leu30-Ser390
Accession # P01137
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Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
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Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: LAP (TGF-beta 1)
TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) and the closely related TGF-beta 2 and -beta 3 are members of the large TGF-beta superfamily. TGF- beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1-3). Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (4). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein within the trans-Golgi to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa (aa 30-278) latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa (aa 279-390) mature TGF- beta 1 (4-6). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (4-8). Purified LAP is also capable of associating with active TGF-beta with high affinity, and can neutralize TGF-beta activity (9). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (5‑7). TGF-beta activation from latency is controlled both spatially and temporally, by multiple pathways that include actions of proteases such as plasmin and MMP9, and/or by thrombospondin 1 or selected integrins (5, 8). The LAP portion of human TGF-beta 1 shares 91%, 92%, 85%, 86% and 88% aa identity with porcine, canine, mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1 LAP, respectively, while mature human TGF-beta 1 portion shares 100% aa identity with porcine, canine and bovine TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1. Although different isoforms of TGF-beta are naturally associated with their own distinct LAPs, the TGF-beta 1 LAP is capable of complexing with, and inactivating, all other human TGF-beta isoforms and those of most other species (9). Mutations within the LAP are associated with Camurati-Engelmann disease, a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by inappropriate presence of active TGF-beta 1 (10).
- Dunker, N. & K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
- Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
- Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
- Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
- Dabovic, B. and D.B. Rifkin (2008) “TGF-beta Bioavailability” in The TGF-beta Family. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (eds): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p. 179.
- Brunner, A.M. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:13660.
- Miyazono, K. et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10:1091.
- Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
- Miller, D.M. et al. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6:694.
- Janssens, K. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:7718.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human LAP TGF-beta 1 Biotinylated Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 8
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Lysosomal-associated Transmembrane Protein 4B (LAPTM4B) Decreases Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) Production in Human Regulatory T Cells.
Authors: Huygens C, Lienart S, Dedobbeleer O, Stockis J, Gauthy E, Coulie P, Lucas S
J Biol Chem, 2015;290(33):20105-16.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Overexpression of TGF-ß 1 gene induces cell surface localized glucose-regulated protein 78-associated latency-associated peptide/TGF-ß.
Authors: Oida T, Weiner HL
J. Immunol., 2012;185(6):3529-35.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Importance of TLR2 in the direct response of T lymphocytes to Schistosoma mansoni antigens.
Authors: Burton OT, Gibbs S, Miller N, Jones FM, Wen L, Dunne DW, Cooke A, Zaccone P
Eur. J. Immunol., 2010;40(8):2221-9.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Involvement of regulatory T cells in the immunosuppression characteristic of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis.
Authors: Ferreira MC, de Oliveira RT, da Silva RM, Blotta MH, Mamoni RL
Infect. Immun., 2010;78(10):4392-401.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Membrane protein GARP is a receptor for latent TGF-beta on the surface of activated human Treg.
Authors: Stockis J, Colau D, Coulie PG, Lucas S
Eur. J. Immunol., 2009;39(12):3315-22.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
T-cell-expressed proprotein convertase furin is essential for maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance.
Authors: Pesu M, Watford WT, Wei L, Xu L, Fuss I, Strober W, Andersson J, Shevach EM, Quezado M, Bouladoux N, Roebroek A, Belkaid Y, Creemers J, O'Shea JJ
Nature, 2008;455(7210):246-50.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Metastable tolerance to rhesus monkey renal transplants is correlated with allograft TGF-beta 1+CD4+ T regulatory cell infiltrates.
Authors: Torrealba JR, Katayama M, Fechner JH, Jankowska-Gan E, Kusaka S, Schultz JM, Hu H, Hamawy MM, Jonker M, Wubben J, Doxiadis G, Bontrop R, Burlingham WJ, Knechtle SJ
J. Immunol., 2004;172(9):5753-64.
Species: Primate - Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot -
Ig-reactive CD4+CD25+ T cells from tolerized (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F1 mice suppress in vitro production of antibodies to DNA.
Authors: La Cava A, Ebling FM, Hahn BH
J. Immunol., 2004;173(5):3542-8.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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