Human/Mouse Wnt‑3a Alexa Fluor® 488‑conjugated Antibody

Wnt-3a is one of about 19 vertebrate members of the Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) family of highly conserved cysteine-rich secreted glycoproteins important for normal developmental processes (1-3). Wnts bind to receptors of the Frizzled family in conjunction with a coreceptor of the low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein family (LRP-5 or -6), or the Ryk atypical receptor tyrosine kinase (1, 4). Mouse Wnt-3a is a 44 kDa secreted hydrophobic glycoprotein containing a conserved pattern of 24 cysteine residues (5). Like other Wnts, Wnt-3a is modified by palmitate addition (at Cys 77) following glycosylation, which increases its hydrophobicity, secretion and activity (6, 7). A second site at Ser 209 is modified by palmitoleic acid and also contributes to activity and secretion (8). Mouse Wnt-3a shares 96% amino acid (aa) identity with human Wnt-3a, and 97% with bovine and canine Wnt-3a. The rat Wnt-3a precursor as it is apparently translated shares 100% aa identity with mouse Wnt-3a aa 63-352 (9). Wnt-3a also shares 87% aa identity with Wnt-3. During development, Wnt-3a is morphogen that is thought to coordinate somitogenesis and mesoderm boundary determination, and is expressed at the same locations and times as Wnt-2b and Wnt-5a (10). When Wnt-3a is deleted, mice fail to develop a hippocampus, and show defects in anterior-posterior patterning, somite development and tailbud formation (10-13). Recombinant Wnt-3a promotes proliferation of committed stem cell lineages in vitro, and may help maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state (6, 14) For example, Wnt-3a can induce self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, allowing expansion without further differentiation (6).