Rat B7‑2/CD86 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody

For optimal T cell expansion and activation, a signal induced by the engagement of the T cell receptor and a co-stimulatory signal(s) through distinct T cell surface molecules are required. Members of the B7 superfamily of counter-receptors were identified by their ability to interact with co-stimulatory molecules found on the surface of T cells. Members of the B7 superfamily are type I membrane proteins and include B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1), B7-H2 (B7RP-1), B7-H3, and PD-L2 (1). B7-2 is expressed constitutively at low levels on most antigen presenting cells (APC) and is rapidly upregulated upon cell activation (2). T cells express two different receptors (CD28 and CTLA-4) capable of binding both B7-1 and B7-2 (2). B7-2 binds to CD28 with the low affinity but binds to CTLA-4 with intermediate affinity. In contrast, B7-1 binds CD28 with intermediate affinity and CTLA-4 with high affinity. Additionally, these molecules have different kinetics for binding CD28 and CTLA-4 with B7-2 having a higher-binding dissociation kinetics (1). Engagement of CD28 by B7-2 increases T cell proliferation and IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma production, thereby enhancing the immune response (3). In contrast, engagement of CTLA-4 is involved in the down-regulation of the immune response (4). Rat B7-2 cDNA encodes a 313 amino acid (aa) precursor protein containing a an extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. Rat and human B7-1 share 54% aa identity.