Recombinant Human IL-11 Protein Summary
The specific activity of recombinant human IL-11 is approximately 1.05 x 104 units/μg, which is calibrated against recombinant human IL-11 WHO International Standard (NIBSC code: 92/788).
Pro22-Leu199
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Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
218-IL
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and EDTA with BSA as a carrier protein. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 50 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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218-IL/CF
Formulation | Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS and EDTA. |
Shipping | The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: |
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Data Images

Recombinant Human IL-11 (Catalog # 218‑IL) stimulates cell proliferation of the T11 mouse plasmacytoma cell line. The ED50for this effect is 0.02-0.12 ng/mL.

1 μg/lane of Recombinant Human IL-11 was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) conditions and visualized by silver staining, showing a single band at 23 kDa.
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-11
IL-11 (Interleukin 11) is a pleiotropic cytokine in the IL-6 family, which also includes LIF, CNTF, Oncostatin M, Cardiotrophin-1, IL-27 and IL-31 (1-3). In humans, IL-11 was also independently discovered as an adipogenesis inhibitory factor (AGIF) (3). The human IL-11 cDNA encodes a 199 amino acid (aa) precursor, which generates a 178 aa, 19 kDa mature unglycosylated protein. Mature human IL-11 shares 88%, 88%, and 96% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat and canine IL-11, respectively. IL-11 is secreted by osteoblasts, synoviocytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, intestinal myofibroblasts, and trophoblasts, among other cell types (1). It is found in the plasma mainly during inflammation, such as that associated with viral infection, cancer, or inflammatory arthritis, and is considered to be primarily anti‑inflammatory (1). It stimulates hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis, regulates macrophage differentiation, and confers mucosal protection in the intestine (1). It has also been found to enhance T cell polarization toward Th2, promote B cell IgG production, increase osteoclast bone absorption, protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress, and regulate epithelial proliferation and apoptosis (1). IL-11 synergizes with several other cytokines to produce these effects, and its effects overlap with those of IL-6 (1). IL-11 receptor activation requires formation of a complex of two IL-11 molecules with two molecules of the ligand-binding IL-11 R alpha subunit and two molecules of the ubiquitously expressed cell signaling beta subunit, gp130 (4). A soluble form of IL-11 R alpha can bind IL-11 and either form a signaling complex with gp130 on the cell surface, or inhibit cell surface IL-11 R alpha /gp130 signaling (5-7).
- Putoczki, T. and M. Ernst (2010) J. Leukoc. Biol. 88:1109.
- Paul, S.R. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7512.
- Kawashima, I. et al. (1991) FEBS Lett. 283:199.
- Barton, V.A. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:36197.
- Curtis, D.J. et al. (1997) Blood 90:4403.
- Baumann, H. et al. (1996) J. Immunol. 157:284.
- Karow, J. et al. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:489.
Citations for Recombinant Human IL-11 Protein
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Essential Gene Profiles for Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Identify Uncharacterized Genes and Substrate Dependencies
Authors: B Mair, J Tomic, SN Masud, P Tonge, A Weiss, M Usaj, AHY Tong, JJ Kwan, KR Brown, E Titus, M Atkins, KSK Chan, L Munsie, A Habsid, H Han, M Kennedy, B Cohen, G Keller, J Moffat
Cell Rep, 2019;27(2):599-615.e12.
Species: Human
Sample Types: cell culture
Applications: Differentiation -
KDM3A histone demethylase functions as an essential factor for activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: H Kim, D Kim, SA Choi, CR Kim, SK Oh, KE Pyo, J Kim, SH Lee, JB Yoon, Y Zhang, SH Baek
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2018;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
BMTP-11 is active in preclinical models of human osteosarcoma and a candidate targeted drug for clinical translation
Authors: VO Lewis, E Devarajan, M Cardó-Vila, DG Thomas, ES Kleinerman, S Marchiò, RL Sidman, R Pasqualini, W Arap
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2017;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Functional IL-33 receptors are expressed in early progenitor stages of allergy-related granulocytes
Immunology, 2016;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Vascular niche promotes hematopoietic multipotent progenitor formation from pluripotent stem cells.
Authors: Gori J, Butler J, Chan Y, Chandrasekaran D, Poulos M, Ginsberg M, Nolan D, Elemento O, Wood B, Adair J, Rafii S, Kiem H
J Clin Invest, 2015;125(3):1243-54.
Species: Primate - Macaca nemestrina (Southern Pig-tailed Macaque)
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
MTA2 enhances colony formation and tumor growth of gastric cancer cells through IL-11.
Authors: Zhou C, Ji J, Cai Q, Shi M, Chen X, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J
BMC Cancer, 2015;15(0):343.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
A Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting the IL-6 Receptor beta Subunit, Glycoprotein 130.
Authors: Hong S, Choi J, Lee S, Park Y, Park K, Lee J, Kim J, Gajulapati V, Goo J, Singh S, Lee K, Kim Y, Im S, Ahn S, Rose-John S, Heo T, Choi Y
J Immunol, 2015;195(1):237-45.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Expression of a surface antigen (MA6) by peripheral blood CD34+ cells is correlated with improved platelet engraftment and may explain delayed platelet engraftment following cord blood transplantation.
Authors: Simmons P, Robinson S, Munsell M, Thomas M, Javni J, Brouard N, Zweidler-McKay P, Shpall E
Stem Cells Dev, 2015;24(9):1066-72.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Regulation of IL-17A responses in human airway smooth muscle cells by Oncostatin M.
Authors: Kwofie K, Scott M, Rodrigues R, Guerette J, Radford K, Nair P, Richards C
Respir Res, 2015;16(0):14.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Endothelial cells translate pathogen signals into G-CSF-driven emergency granulopoiesis.
Authors: Boettcher S, Gerosa R, Radpour R, Bauer J, Ampenberger F, Heikenwalder M, Kopf M, Manz M
Blood, 2014;124(9):1393-403.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Autocrine production of IL-11 mediates tumorigenicity in hypoxic cancer cells.
Authors: Onnis, Barbara, Fer, Nicole, Rapisarda, Annamari, Perez, Victor S, Melillo, Giovanni
J Clin Invest, 2013;123(4):1615-29.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interferon-gamma reverses the immunosuppressive and protumoral properties and prevents the generation of human tumor-associated macrophages.
Authors: Duluc D, Corvaisier M, Blanchard S, Catala L, Descamps P, Gamelin E, Ponsoda S, Delneste Y, Hebbar M, Jeannin P
Int. J. Cancer, 2009;125(2):367-73.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Bradykinin potentiates cytokine-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in osteoblasts by enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase 2, resulting in increased RANKL expression.
Authors: Brechter AB, Lerner UH
Arthritis Rheum., 2007;56(3):910-23.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Virally mediated MafB transduction induces the monocyte commitment of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
Authors: Gemelli C, Montanari M, Tenedini E, Zanocco Marani T, Vignudelli T, Siena M, Zini R, Salati S, Tagliafico E, Manfredini R, Grande A, Ferrari S
Cell Death Differ., 2006;13(10):1686-96.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interface tissue fibroblasts from loose total hip replacement prosthesis produce receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, osteoprotegerin, and cathepsin K.
Authors: Mandelin J, Li TF, Hukkanen M, Liljestrom M, Salo J, Santavirta S, Konttinen YT
J. Rheumatol., 2005;32(4):713-20.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Combinations of cytokines promote survival of mice and limit acute radiation damage in concert with amelioration of vascular damage.
Authors: Van der Meeren A, Mouthon MA, Vandamme M, Squiban C, Aigueperse J
Radiat. Res., 2004;161(5):549-59.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
IL-17 markedly up-regulates beta-defensin-2 expression in human airway epithelium via JAK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.
Authors: Kao CY, Chen Y, Thai P, Wachi S, Huang F, Kim C, Harper RW, Wu R
J. Immunol., 2004;173(5):3482-91.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Prospective isolation of human clonogenic common myeloid progenitors.
Authors: Manz MG, Miyamoto T, Akashi K, Weissman IL
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2002;99(18):11872-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Expression of interleukin (IL)-11 receptor by the human endometrium in vivo and effects of IL-11, IL-6 and LIF on the production of MMP and cytokines by human endometrial cells in vitro.
Authors: Cork BA, Tuckerman EM, Li TC, Laird SM
Mol. Hum. Reprod., 2002;8(9):841-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Interleukin-11 induces Th2 polarization of human CD4(+) T cells.
Authors: Curti A, Ratta M, Corinti S, Girolomoni G, Ricci F, Tazzari P, Siena M, Grande A, Fogli M, Tura S, Lemoli RM
Blood, 2001;97(9):2758-63.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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