Recombinant Human Siglec-1 Protein, CF

Siglecs are sialic acid specific I-type lectins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Structurally, they are transmembrane proteins with an N-terminal Ig-like V‑set domain followed by varying numbers of Ig-like C2-set domains (1, 2). Human Siglec-1, also known as sialoadhesin and CD169, is a 175-185 kDa glycoprotein. It contains a 1622 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with one Ig-like V‑set domain and 16 Ig-like C2-set domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 44 aa cytoplasmic domain (3). Within the ECD, human Siglec-1 shares approximately 70% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Siglec-1. Alternate splicing generates a potentially soluble form of the ECD, and a second isoform with a substituted cytoplasmic domain. Siglec-1 expression is restricted to lymph node and splenic macrophages, plus some tissue macrophages (3). The adhesive function of Siglec-1 is supported by the N-terminal Ig-like domain which shows a selectivity for alpha 2,3-linked sialic acid residues (3-5). Siglec-1 binds a number of sialylated molecules including the mannose receptor, MGL1, MUC1, PSGL-1, and different glycoforms of CD43 (6-9). Its binding capacity can be masked by endogenous sialylated molecules (10, 11). The sialylated and sulfated N-linked carbohydrates that modify Siglec-1 itself are required for ligand binding (6, 7). Siglec-1 is expressed on dendritic cells following rhinovirus exposure, and these DC promote T cell anergy (12). It is also induced on circulating monocytes during systemic sclerosis and HIV-1 infection (13 - 15). Siglec-1 can trap HIV-1 particles for trans infection of permissive cells (14).