Human Dkk-3 Antibody
Human Dkk-3 Antibody Summary
Ala22-Ile350
Accession # Q9UBP4
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of Human Dkk‑3 by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human Dkk-3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1118) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (HAF019). A specific band was detected for Dkk-3 at approximately 38 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.
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Detection of Dkk‑3 in Human Brain Hippocampus. Dkk‑3 was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of Human Brain Hippocampus using Goat Anti-Human Dkk‑3 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1118) at 3 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature followed by incubation with the Anti-Goat IgG VisUCyte™ HRP Polymer Antibody (Catalog # VC004). Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using VisUCyte Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # VCTS021). Tissue was stained using DAB (brown) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm in neurons. View our protocol for IHC Staining with VisUCyte HRP Polymer Detection Reagents.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: Dkk-3
Dkk-3, also known as REIC (Reduced Expansion in Immortalized Cells), is one of four numbered members of the Dickkopf family of Wnt antagonists (1). Dkk-3 is a secreted monomer expressed in many normal human tissues, most strongly in heart, brain and spinal cord (1, 2), and during early embryonic development in the mouse (3). N-glycosylation at up to four sites preceding or between two conserved cysteine-rich motifs results in expression of a 38 kDa glycoprotein (1, 4). The cysteine-rich motifs contain 10 cysteines each, with prokineticin and colipase families containing sequences similar to those of the second motif (1, 5). Human Dkk-3 shows 82%, 88%, 85%, and 53% amino acid (aa) identity with mouse, bovine, canine, and chick Dkk-3, respectively, and 37-45% aa identity with other human Dkk family members. Several lines of evidence implicate Dkk-3 as a negative growth regulator. Dkk-3 is downregulated in many tumors as compared to normal cells, sometimes by loss of heterozygosity (4, 6). Downregulation by CpG hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is correlated with faster progression and shorter survival (7). Release of cultured cells from serum starvation results in downregulation of Dkk-3 in late G1 phase of the cell cycle (6). Over-expression of
Dkk‑3 results in tumor cell-line-specific growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and decreased tumorigenicity in nude mice (2, 4, 6). The prototype Dickkopf member, Dkk-1, antagonizes Wnt family signaling by binding to Wnt receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins) and promoting their internalization (1, 9, 10). Results are less straightforward for Dkk-3, where some studies show binding to LRP5/6 while others do not. These effects appear to be dependent on the cells and conditions used (1, 6-10).
- Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
- Tsuji, T. et al. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 268:20.
- Kemp, C. et al. (2005) Dev. Dyn. 233:1064.
- Hsieh, S.-Y. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23:9183.
- Bullock, C.M. et al. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol. 65:582.
- Tsuji, T. et al. (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 289:257.
- Roman-Gomez, J. et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 91:707.
- Hoang, B.H. et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:2734.
- Caricasole, A. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:37024.
- Mao, B. et al. (2001) Nature 411:321.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human Dkk-3 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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DKK3, Downregulated in Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Is Associated with Chemoresistance and Enhanced Paclitaxel Susceptibility via Inhibition of the beta-Catenin-P-Glycoprotein Signaling Pathway
Authors: QTT Nguyen, HS Park, TJ Lee, KM Choi, JY Park, D Kim, JH Kim, J Park, EJ Lee
Cancers, 2022;14(4):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: IHC -
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) overexpression in intratumoral hepatic stellate cells within hepatocellular carcinoma with metabolic risk factors
Authors: N Chiyonobu, S Shimada, Y Akiyama, K Mogushi, M Itoh, K Akahoshi, S Matsumura, K Ogawa, H Ono, Y Mitsunori, D Ban, A Kudo, S Arii, T Suganami, S Yamaoka, Y Ogawa, M Tanabe, S Tanaka
Am. J. Pathol., 2018;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Loss of Dickkopf 3 Promotes the Tumorigenesis of Basal Breast Cancer
PLoS ONE, 2016;11(7):e0160077.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Automated Analysis and Classification of Histological Tissue Features by Multi-Dimensional Microscopic Molecular Profiling.
Authors: Riordan D, Varma S, West R, Brown P
PLoS ONE, 2015;10(7):e0128975.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
Epigenetic silencing of the WNT antagonist Dickkopf 3 disrupts normal Wnt/beta-catenin signalling and apoptosis regulation in breast cancer cells.
Authors: Xiang T, Li L, Yin X, Zhong L, Peng W, Qiu Z, Ren G, Tao Q
J Cell Mol Med, 2013;17(10):1236-46.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
The clinicopathological significance of REIC expression in colorectal carcinomas.
Authors: Wang W, Zhu W, Xu XY
Histol. Histopathol., 2012;27(6):735-43.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
Applications: Western Blot -
Regulation of human skin pigmentation in situ by repetitive UV exposure: molecular characterization of responses to UVA and/or UVB.
Authors: Choi W, Miyamura Y, Wolber R, Smuda C, Reinhold W, Liu H, Kolbe L, Hearing VJ
J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010;130(6):1685-96.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P -
The fibroblast-derived paracrine factor neuregulin-1 has a novel role in regulating the constitutive color and melanocyte function in human skin.
Authors: Choi W, Wolber R, Gerwat W
J. Cell. Sci., 2010;123(0):3102-11.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Expression pattern of REIC/Dkk-3 in various cell types and the implications of the soluble form in prostatic acinar development.
Authors: Zhang K, Watanabe M, Kashiwakura Y, Li SA, Edamura K, Huang P, Yamaguchi K, Nasu Y, Kobayashi Y, Sakaguchi M, Ochiai K, Yamada H, Takei K, Ueki H, Huh NH, Li M, Kaku H, Na Y, Kumon H
Int. J. Oncol., 2010;37(6):1495-501.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
The Dickkopf-homolog 3 is expressed in tumor endothelial cells and supports capillary formation.
Authors: Untergasser G, Steurer M, Zimmermann M, Hermann M, Kern J, Amberger A, Gastl G, Gunsilius E
Int. J. Cancer, 2008;122(7):1539-47.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC
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