Human IL‑21 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody

R&D Systems | Catalog # AF15001AFP488

R&D Systems

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human

Applications

Western Blot, ELISA

Label

Alexa Fluor Plus 488 (Excitation = 493 nm, Emission = 518 nm)

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG
View all IL-21 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Specificity

Detects human IL-21 in direct ELISAs.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Goat

Isotype

IgG

Applications for Human IL‑21 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody

Application
Recommended Usage

ELISA

Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Western Blot

Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Formulation

Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Protect from light. Do not freeze. 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied

Background: IL-21

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an approximately 14 kDa four-helix-bundle member of the family of cytokines that utilize the common gamma chain ( gamma c) as a receptor subunit. gamma c is also a subunit of the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 (1). IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells (2-6). It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex of gamma c and the IL-21-specific IL-21 R (2, 7). Tfh-derived IL-21 plays an important role in the development of humoral immunity through its autocrine effects on the Tfh cell and paracrine effects on immunoglobulin affinity maturation, plasma cell differentiation, and B cell memory responses (4, 8, 9). It is also required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes (10). IL-21 regulates several aspects of T cell function. It co-stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization (3, 5, 6, 11, 12). It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells (13, 14). IL-21 R engagement enhances the cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma production of activated NK cells but limits the expansion of resting NK cells (15). In addition, IL-21 suppresses cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions by limiting allergen-specific IgE production and mast cell degranulation (16). Dysregulation of the IL-21/IL-21 R system contributes to the development of multiple immunological disorders (1, 17). The 133 amino acid (aa) mature human IL-21 shares 63% and 61% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-21, respectively. Alternative splicing generates an additional isoform with a substitution of the C-terminal 16 amino acids (18).

References

  1. Tangye, S.G. (2015) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 34:107.
  2. Parrish-Novak, et al. (2000) Nature 408:57.
  3. Coquet, J.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:2827.
  4. Vogelzang, A. et al. (2008) Immunity 29:127.
  5. Korn, T. et al. (2007) Nature 448:484.
  6. Nurieva, R. et al. (2007) Nature 448:480.
  7. Asao, H. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1.
  8. Zotos, D. et al. (2010) J. Exp. Med. 207:365.
  9. Rankin, A.L. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:667.
  10. Jin, H. et al. (2009) J. Clin. Invest. 119:47.
  11. Frohlich, A. et al. (2009) Science 324:1576.
  12. Yi, J.S., et al. (2009) Science 324:1572.
  13. Peluso, I. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:732.
  14. Bucher, C. et al. (2009) Blood 114:5375.
  15. Kasaian, M.T. et al. (2002) Immunity 16:559.
  16. Tamagawa-Mineoka, R. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:1513.
  17. Ma, J. et al. (2011) Cytokine 56:133.
  18. Rahman, M. et al. (2007) FEBS Lett. 581:4001.

Long Name

Interleukin 21

Alternate Names

CVID11, IL21, Za11

Entrez Gene IDs

59067 (Human); 60505 (Mouse); 365769 (Rat); 442935 (Canine); 100344172 (Rabbit)

Gene Symbol

IL21

UniProt

Q9HBE4

Additional IL-21 Products

Product Documents for Human IL‑21 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody

Certificate of Analysis

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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.

Product Specific Notices for Human IL‑21 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody


This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

For research use only

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