Recombinant Human His6-Ubiquitin Mutant G76A Protein, CF

Recombinant Human His6-Ubiquitin Mutant G76A Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid (aa) protein that is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. Ubiquitin is highly conserved with 96% aa sequence identity shared between human and yeast Ubiquitin, and 100% aa sequence identity shared between human and mouse Ubiquitin (1). In mammals, four Ubiquitin genes encode for two Ubiquitin-ribosomal fusion proteins and two poly-Ubiquitin proteins. Cleavage of the Ubiquitin precursors by deubiquitinating enzymes gives rise to identical Ubiquitin monomers each with a predicted molecular weight of 8.6 kDa. Conjugation of Ubiquitin to target proteins involves the formation of an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine residue of Ubiquitin and a lysine residue in the target protein. This process of conjugation, referred to as ubiquitination or ubiquitylation, is a multi-step process that requires three enzymes: a Ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme, a Ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme, and a Ubiquitin ligase (E3). Ubiquitination is classically recognized as a mechanism to target proteins for degradation and as a result, Ubiquitin was originally named ATP-dependent Proteolysis Factor 1 (APF-1) (2,3). In addition to protein degradation, ubiquitination has been shown to mediate a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction, endocytosis, and post-endocytic sorting (4-7).

Mature Ubiquitin has a highly conserved C-terminal diglycine motif which is crucial for activity and recognition with conjugation and deconjugation enzyme components. The replacement the last glycine residue with alanine results in a Ubiquitin that supports Ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme Ubiquitin thioester formation and downstream conjugation reactions (transfer to E2, E3) but at a rate ~20% compared to wild type Ubiquitin. This mutant however, inhibits deconjugation and prevents the removal of Ubiquitin from modified protein substrates by deubiquitinating enzyme (DUBs). Since this Ubiquitin becomes irreversibly conjugated to protein, it shifts the equilibrium between the bound and unbound form in the direction of conjugation, at the expense of the free form. This protein contains an N-terminal His6-tag.

Related Research Areas

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• Ubiquitin
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