Torin 1

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
4247/10
4247/50
Torin 1 | CAS No. 1222998-36-8 | mTOR Inhibitors
1 Image
Description: Potent and selective mTOR inhibitor

Chemical Name: 1-[4-[4-(1-Oxopropyl)-1-piperazinyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-9-(3-quinolinyl)-benzo[h]-1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one

Purity: ≥98%

Product Details
Citations (123)
Reviews

Biological Activity

Torin 1 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor (IC50 = 2 - 10 nM for mTORC1 and mTORC2). Torin 1 displays 200-fold selectivity for mTOR over DNA-PK, ATM and hVps34. In HeLa cells, Torin 1 induces autophagy. Torin 1 impairs cell growth and proliferation by suppression of the rapamycin-resistant functions of mTORC1. In human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, Torin 1 prevents decreases the anti-inflammatory potency of glucocorticoids. In the human endocrine cell line BON, Torin 1 increases neurotensin secretion and gene expression through MEK/ERK/c-Jun pathway activation.

Technical Data

M.Wt:
607.62
Formula:
C35H28F3N5O2
Solubility:
Soluble to 1 mM in DMSO with gentle warming
Purity:
≥98%
Storage:
Store at +4°C
CAS No:
1222998-36-8

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Additional Information

Licensing Caveats:
Sold under license from Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research.

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Citations for Torin 1

The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Torin 1 include:

123 Citations: Showing 1 - 10

  1. HIF1A and NFAT5 coordinate Na+-boosted antibacterial defense via enhanced autophagy and autolysosomal targeting.
    Authors: Neubert Et al.
    Autophagy  2019;:1
  2. Lethal Poisoning of Cancer Cells by Respiratory Chain Inhibition plus Dimethyl α-Ketoglutarate.
    Authors: Sica Et al.
    Cell Rep  2019;27:820
  3. Type 2 diabetes is associated with suppression of autophagy and lipid accumulation in β-cells.
    Authors: Ji Et al.
    J Cell Mol Med  2019;23:2890
  4. Dysfunctional autophagy following exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines contributes to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis.
    Authors: Lambelet Et al.
    Cell Death Dis  2018;9:96
  5. Amino acids stimulate the endosome-to-Golgi trafficking through Ragulator and small GTPase Arl5.
    Authors: Shi Et al.
    Nat Commun  2018;9:4987
  6. Is Ras a potential target in treatment against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma?.
    Authors: Li Et al.
    J Cancer  2018;9:3373
  7. mTOR-dependent phosphorylation controls TFEB nuclear export.
    Authors: Napolitano Et al.
    Nat Commun  2018;9:3312
  8. Carbon monoxide-induced TFEB nuclear translocation enhances mitophagy/mitochondrial biogenesis in hepatocytes and ameliorates inflammatory liver injury.
    Authors: Kim Et al.
    Cell Death Dis  2018;9:1060
  9. Phosphatidylinositol-5-Phosphate 4-Kinases Regulate Cellular Lipid Metabolism By Facilitating Autophagy.
    Authors: Lundquist Et al.
    Mol Cell  2018;70:531
  10. PTBP1-Mediated Alternative Splicing Regulates the Inflammatory Secretome and the Pro-tumorigenic Effects of Senescent Cells.
    Authors: Georgilis Et al.
    Cancer Cell  2018;34:85
  11. Metabolic reprogramming of murine cardiomyocytes during autophagy requires the extracellular nutrient sensor decorin.
    Authors: Gubbiotti Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2018;293:16940
  12. ULK1 O-GlcNAcylation Is Crucial for Activating VPS34 via ATG14L during Autophagy Initiation.
    Authors: Pyo Et al.
    Cell Rep  2018;25:2878
  13. Autophagosomal YKT6 is required for fusion with lysosomes independently of syntaxin 17.
    Authors: Matsui Et al.
    J Cell Biol  2018;217:2633
  14. Lysosomal Protein Lamtor1 Controls Innate Immune Responses via Nuclear Translocation of Transcription Factor EB.
    Authors: Hayama Et al.
    J Immunol  2018;200:3790
  15. Integration of Distinct ShcA Signaling Complexes Promotes Breast Tumor Growth and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance.
    Authors: Ha Et al.
    Mol Cancer Res  2018;16:894
  16. HEPES activates a MiT/TFE-dependent lysosomal-autophagic gene network in cultured cells: A call for caution.
    Authors: Tol Et al.
    Autophagy  2018;14:437
  17. Role of the MAPK/cJun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway in starvation-induced autophagy.
    Authors: Barutcu Et al.
    Autophagy  2018;14:1586
  18. Lifespan extension without fertility reduction following dietary addition of the autophagy activator Torin1 in Drosophila melanogaster.
    Authors: Mason Et al.
    PLoS One  2018;13:e0190105
  19. Mapping the mammalian ribosome quality control complex interactome using proximity labeling approaches.
    Authors: Zuzow Et al.
    Mol Biol Cell  2018;
  20. Tenovin-6 impairs autophagy by inhibiting autophagic flux.
    Authors: Yuan Et al.
    Cell Death Dis  2017;8:e2608
  21. TBK1 Provides Context-Selective Support of the Activated AKT/mTOR Pathway in Lung Cancer.
    Authors: Cooper Et al.
    Cancer Res  2017;77:5077
  22. Autophagosomal Content Profiling Reveals an LC3C-Dependent Piecemeal Mitophagy Pathway.
    Authors: Guerroue Et al.
    Mol Cell  2017;68:786
  23. PARK2 Depletion Connects Energy and Oxidative Stress to PI3K/Akt Activation via PTEN S-Nitrosylation.
    Authors: Gupta Et al.
    Mol Cell  2017;65:999
  24. Akt regulation of glycolysis mediates bioenergetic stability in epithelial cells.
    Authors: Hung Et al.
    Elife  2017;6
  25. DGAT1-Dependent Lipid Droplet Biogenesis Protects Mitochondrial Function during Starvation-Induced Autophagy.
    Authors: Nguyen Et al.
    Dev Cell  2017;42:9
  26. PtdIns3P controls mTORC1 signaling through lysosomal positioning.
    Authors: Hong Et al.
    J Cell Biol  2017;216:4217
  27. Tim-3 is a Marker of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Dysfunction during HIV Infection and Is Associated with the Recruitment of IRF7 and p85 into Lysosomes and with the Submembrane Displacement of TLR9.
    Authors: Schwartz Et al.
    J Immunol  2017;198:3181
  28. TORC1 and TORC2 converge to regulate the SAGA co-activator in response to nutrient availability.
    Authors: Laboucarié Et al.
    EMBO Rep  2017;18:2197
  29. Deubiquitinase OTUD6B Isoforms Are Important Regulators of Growth and Proliferation.
    Authors: Sobol Et al.
    Mol Cancer Res  2017;15:117
  30. The E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 enhances killing of membrane-perturbing intracellular bacteria by promoting autophagy.
    Authors: Pei Et al.
    Autophagy  2017;13:2041
  31. Loss of ULK1 increases RPS6KB1-NCOR1 repression of NR1H/LXR-mediated Scd1 transcription and augments lipotoxicity in hepatic cells.
    Authors: Sinha Et al.
    Autophagy  2017;13:169
  32. The anti-tumor drug 2-hydroxyoleic acid (Minerval) stimulates signaling and retrograde transport.
    Authors: Torgersen Et al.
    Oncotarget  2016;7:86871
  33. TSC loss distorts DNA replication programme and sensitises cells to genotoxic stress.
    Authors: Pai Et al.
    Oncotarget  2016;7:85365
  34. Diagnostic and clinical relevance of the autophago-lysosomal network in human gliomas.
    Authors: Jennewein Et al.
    Oncotarget  2016;7:20016
  35. Polarization of M2 macrophages requires Lamtor1 that integrates cytokine and amino-acid signals
    Authors: Kimura Et al.
    Nature Communications  2016;7:13130
  36. mTORC1 and CK2 coordinate ternary and eIF4F complex assembly.
    Authors: Gandin Et al.
    Nat Commun  2016;7:11127
  37. mTORC1-mediated inhibition of polycystin-1 expression drives renal cyst formation in tuberous sclerosis complex.
    Authors: Pema Et al.
    Mol Biol Cell  2016;7:10786
  38. Trehalose, sucrose and raffinose are novel activators of autophagy in human keratinocytes through an mTOR-independent pathway.
    Authors: Chen Et al.
    PLoS One  2016;6:28423
  39. LKB1 loss links serine metabolism to DNA methylation and tumorigenesis.
    Authors: Kottakis Et al.
    Nature  2016;539:390
  40. An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cAMP elicited axonal regeneration involves direct activation of the dual leucine zipper kinase DLK.
    Authors: Hao Et al.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A  2016;5
  41. Characterizing inactive ribosomes in translational profiling.
    Authors: Liu
    Translation (Austin)  2016;4:e1138018
  42. Oncogenic PI3K and K-Ras stimulate de novo lipid synthesis through mTORC1 and SREBP.
    Authors: Ricoult Et al.
    Oncogene  2016;35:1250
  43. TDP-43 loss of function increases TFEB activity and blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
    Authors: Xia Et al.
    EMBO J  2016;35:121
  44. A novel Rab10-EHBP1-EHD2 complex essential for the autophagic engulfment of lipid droplets.
    Authors: Li Et al.
    Sci Adv  2016;2:e1601470
  45. Nutrient-regulated Phosphorylation of ATG13 Inhibits Starvation-induced Autophagy.
    Authors: Puente Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2016;291:6026
  46. RACK1 Is an Interaction Partner of ATG5 and a Novel Regulator of Autophagy.
    Authors: Erbil Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2016;291:16753
  47. mTOR controls lysosome tubulation and antigen presentation in macrophages and dendritic cells.
    Authors: Saric Et al.
    Autophagy  2016;27:321
  48. nanoCAGE reveals 5' UTR features that define specific modes of translation of functionally related MTOR-sensitive mRNAs.
    Authors: Gandin Et al.
    Genome Res  2016;26:636
  49. Involvement of PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis.
    Authors: Kobayashi Et al.
    J Immunol  2016;197:504
  50. Neuronal gene repression in Niemann-Pick type C models is mediated by the c-Abl/HDAC2 signaling pathway.
    Authors: Contreras Et al.
    Biochim Biophys Acta  2016;1859:269
  51. A Founder Mutation in VPS11 Causes an Autosomal Recessive Leukoencephalopathy Linked to Autophagic Defects.
    Authors: Zhang Et al.
    Cell Rep  2016;12:e1005848
  52. Drosophila Mitf regulates the V-ATPase and the lysosomal-autophagic pathway.
    Authors: Bouche Et al.
    Autophagy  2016;12:484
  53. Hypoxia promotes noncanonical autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells independent of MTOR and HIF1A signaling.
    Authors: Choi Et al.
    Autophagy  2016;12:1631
  54. Iron overload causes endolysosomal deficits modulated by NAADP-regulated 2-pore channels and RAB7A.
    Authors: Fernández Et al.
    Autophagy  2016;12:1487
  55. TFEB and TFE3 cooperate in the regulation of the innate immune response in activated macrophages.
    Authors: Pastore Et al.
    Autophagy  2016;12:1240
  56. TP53INP2/DOR, a mediator of cell autophagy, promotes rDNA transcription via facilitating the assembly of the POLR1/RNA polymerase I preinitiation complex at rDNA promoters.
    Authors: Xu Et al.
    Autophagy  2016;12:1118
  57. IL-15 activates mTOR and primes stress-activated gene expression leading to prolonged antitumor capacity of NK cells.
    Authors: Mao Et al.
    Blood  2016;128:1475
  58. IBMPFD Disease-Causing Mutant VCP/p97 Proteins Are Targets of Autophagic-Lysosomal Degradation.
    Authors: Bayraktar Et al.
    PLoS One  2016;11:e0164864
  59. The Loss of Lam2 and Npr2-Npr3 Diminishes the Vacuolar Localization of Gtr1-Gtr2 and Disinhibits TORC1 Activity in Fission Yeast.
    Authors: Ma Et al.
    PLoS One  2016;11:e0156239
  60. Trehalose upregulates progranulin expression in human and mouse models of GRN haploinsufficiency: a novel therapeutic lead to treat frontotemporal dementia.
    Authors: Holler Et al.
    Mol Neurodegener  2016;11:46
  61. Activation of 5-HT7 receptor stimulates neurite elongation through mTOR, Cdc42 and actin filaments dynamics.
    Authors: Speranza Et al.
    Nat Chem Biol  2015;9:62
  62. The MAPK and PI3K pathways mediate CNTF-induced neuronal survival and process outgrowth in hypothalamic organotypic cultures.
    Authors: Askvig and Watt
    J Cell Commun Signal  2015;9:217
  63. The mTORC1/4E-BP pathway coordinates hemoglobin production with L-leucine availability.
    Authors: Chung Et al.
    Mol Cancer Res  2015;8:ra34
  64. Autophagy restricts HIV-1 infection by selectively degrading Tat in CD4+ T lymphocytes.
    Authors: Sagnier Et al.
    J Virol  2015;89:615
  65. Reinstating aberrant mTORC1 activity in Huntington's disease mice improves disease phenotypes.
    Authors: Lee Et al.
    Neuron  2015;85:303
  66. Autophagy regulates hepatocyte identity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions promoting Snail degradation.
    Authors: Grassi Et al.
    Cell Death Dis  2015;6:e1880
  67. Regulation of autophagy by coordinated action of mTORC1 and protein phosphatase 2A.
    Authors: Wong Et al.
    Nat Commun  2015;6:8048
  68. Autophagy activation and protection from mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes.
    Authors: Figueroa Et al.
    Autophagy  2015;67:966
  69. SLC38A9 is a component of the lysosomal amino acid sensing machinery that controls mTORC1.
    Authors: Rebsamen Et al.
    Autophagy  2015;519:477
  70. Diacylglycerol kinase-ζ regulates mTORC1 and lipogenic metabolism in cancer cells through SREBP-1.
    Authors: Torres-Ayuso Et al.
    Oncogenesis  2015;4:e164
  71. Decorin is an autophagy-inducible proteoglycan and is required for proper in vivo autophagy.
    Authors: Gubbiotti Et al.
    Matrix Biol  2015;48:14
  72. Regulation of the transcription factor EB-PGC1α axis by beclin-1 controls mitochondrial quality and cardiomyocyte death under stress.
    Authors: Ma Et al.
    Mol Cell Biol  2015;35:956
  73. Amino Acid-Dependent mTORC1 Regulation by the Lysosomal Membrane Protein SLC38A9.
    Authors: Jung Et al.
    Mol Cell Biol  2015;35:2479
  74. HIV-1 Tat alters neuronal autophagy by modulating autophagosome fusion to the lysosome: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
    Authors: Fields Et al.
    J Neurosci  2015;35:1921
  75. La-related Protein 1 (LARP1) Represses Terminal Oligopyrimidine (TOP) mRNA Translation Downstream of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1).
    Authors: Fonseca Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2015;290:15996
  76. Cholesterol-mediated activation of acid sphingomyelinase disrupts autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium.
    Authors: Toops Et al.
    J Exp Med  2015;26:41640
  77. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) affects global protein synthesis in dividing human cells.
    Authors: Sobol Et al.
    J Cell Physiol  2015;230:1064
  78. PDK1 orchestrates early NK cell development through induction of E4BP4 expression and maintenance of IL-15 responsiveness.
    Authors: Yang Et al.
    J Clin Invest  2015;212:253
  79. Apoptotic effects of high-dose rapamycin occur in S-phase of the cell cycle.
    Authors: Saqcena Et al.
    Autophagy  2015;14:2285
  80. A mechanism for asymmetric cell division resulting in proliferative asynchronicity.
    Authors: Dey-Guha Et al.
    Autophagy  2015;13:223
  81. mTORC1-Induced HK1-Dependent Glycolysis Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation.
    Authors: Moon Et al.
    Cell Rep  2015;12:102
  82. Coactivator SRC-2-dependent metabolic reprogramming mediates prostate cancer survival and metastasis.
    Authors: Dasgupta Et al.
    Sci Signal  2015;125:1174
  83. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of KSHV-Infected Cells Reveals Roles of ORF45-Activated RSK during Lytic Replication.
    Authors: Avey Et al.
    PLoS Pathog  2015;11:e1004993
  84. GSK-3 modulates cellular responses to a broad spectrum of kinase inhibitors.
    Authors: Thorne Et al.
    Mol Biol Cell  2015;11:58
  85. PARK2-mediated mitophagy is involved in regulation of HBEC senescence in COPD pathogenesis.
    Authors: Ito Et al.
    Nature  2015;11:547
  86. Pharmacological inhibition of lysosomes activates the MTORC1 signaling pathway in chondrocytes in an autophagy-independent manner.
    Authors: Newton Et al.
    Autophagy  2015;11:1594
  87. mTORC2 regulates cardiac response to stress by inhibiting MST1.
    Authors: Sciarretta Et al.
    Elife  2015;11:125
  88. TNFAIP3 promotes survival of CD4 T cells by restricting MTOR and promoting autophagy.
    Authors: Matsuzawa Et al.
    Sci Rep  2015;11:1052
  89. Hedgehog signaling activates a positive feedback mechanism involving Ins-like growth factors to induce osteoblast differentiation.
    Authors: Shi Et al.
    Front Behav Neurosci  2015;112:4678
  90. Tor Signaling Regulates Transcription of Amino Acid Permeases through a GATA Transcription Factor Gaf1 in Fission Yeast.
    Authors: Ma Et al.
    PLoS One  2015;10:e0144677
  91. Rapamycin-insensitive up-regulation of adipocyte phospholipase A2 in tuberous sclerosis and lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
    Authors: Li Et al.
    J Exp Med  2014;9:e104809
  92. Fertilization-induced autophagy in mouse embryos is independent of mTORC1.
    Authors: Yamamoto Et al.
    Biol Reprod  2014;91:7
  93. The nutrient-responsive transcription factor TFE3 promotes autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis, and clearance of cellular debris.
    Authors: Martina Et al.
    Sci Signal  2014;7:ra9
  94. Oncogenic mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) activate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in mice and zebrafish.
    Authors: Valvezan Et al.
    Dis Model Mech  2014;7:63
  95. Palmitate induces mRNA translation and increases ER protein load in islet β-cells via activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
    Authors: Hatanaka Et al.
    Diabetes  2014;63:3404
  96. Regulation of YAP by mTOR and autophagy reveals a therapeutic target of tuberous sclerosis complex.
    Authors: Liang Et al.
    J Exp Med  2014;211:2249
  97. OE and mTORC2 cooperate to enhance prostaglandin biosynthesis and tumorigenesis in TSC2-deficient LAM cells.
    Authors: Li Et al.
    BMC Biochem  2014;211:15
  98. Mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibition and mycobacterial survival are uncoupled in murine macrophages.
    Authors: Zullo Et al.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A  2014;15:4
  99. An invertebrate Warburg effect: a shrimp virus achieves successful replication by altering the host metabolome via the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway.
    Authors: Su Et al.
    PLoS Pathog  2014;10:e1004196
  100. Development of a novel method for quantification of autophagic protein degradation by AHA labeling.
    Authors: Zhang Et al.
    PLoS Genet  2014;10:901
  101. Expression of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 is restored during prolonged starvation depending on transcriptional upregulation and autophagy-derived amino acids.
    Authors: Sahani Et al.
    Autophagy  2014;10:431
  102. Autophagy fosters myofibroblast differentiation through MTORC2 activation and downstream upregulation of CTGF.
    Authors: Bernard Et al.
    Cell Cycle  2014;10:2193
  103. Japanese encephalitis virus replication is negatively regulated by autophagy and occurs on LC3-I- and EDEM1-containing membranes.
    Authors: Sharma Et al.
    Arthritis Rheumatol  2014;10:1637
  104. p53-directed translational control can shape and expand the universe of p53 target genes.
    Authors: Zaccara Et al.
    Cell Death Differ  2014;
  105. Live imaging and single-cell analysis reveal differential dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis.
    Authors: Xu Et al.
    Autophagy  2013;9:1418
  106. ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors delay plant growth by triggering early differentiation of meristematic cells but no developmental patterning change.
    Authors: Montané and Menand
    Nat Commun  2013;64:4361
  107. Stimulation of autophagy improves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced diabetes.
    Authors: Bachar-Wikstrom Et al.
    Diabetes  2013;62:1227
  108. Differential regulation of the expressions of the PGC-1α splice variants, lipins, and PPARα in heart compared to liver.
    Authors: Kok Et al.
    J Lipid Res  2013;54:1662
  109. Selective targeting of human colon cancer stem-like cells by the mTOR inhibitor Torin-1.
    Authors: Francipane and Lagasse
    Oncotarget  2013;4:1948
  110. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy by the methyltransferase G9a.
    Authors: Narvajas Et al.
    Mol Cell Biol  2013;33:3983
  111. Inactivation of the mTORC1-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E pathway alters stress granule formation.
    Authors: Fournier Et al.
    Mol Cell Biol  2013;33:2285
  112. Suppression of lysosome function induces autophagy via a feedback down-regulation of MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) activity.
    Authors: Li Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2013;288:35769
  113. mTOR complex 2 phosphorylates IMP1 cotranslationally to promote IGF2 production and the proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts.
    Authors: Dai Et al.
    Genes Dev  2013;27:301
  114. SYK regulates mTOR signaling in AML.
    Authors: Carnevale Et al.
    Leukemia  2013;27:2118
  115. mTOR regulates phagosome and entotic vacuole fission.
    Authors: Krajcovic Et al.
    Mol Biol Cell  2013;24:3736
  116. Activation of lysosomal function in the course of autophagy via mTORC1 suppression and autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
    Authors: Zhou Et al.
    Cell Res  2013;23:508
  117. Interaction between FIP200 and ATG16L1 distinguishes ULK1 complex-dependent and -independent autophagy.
    Authors: Gammoh Et al.
    Nat Struct Mol Biol  2013;20:144
  118. Rag GTPases mediate amino acid-dependent recruitment of TFEB and MITF to lysosomes.
    Authors: Martina and Puertollano
    J Cell Biol  2013;200:475
  119. mTORC1 controls mitochondrial activity and biogenesis through 4E-BP-dependent translational regulation.
    Authors: Morita Et al.
    Cell Metab  2013;18:698
  120. WNT-LRP5 signaling induces Warburg effect through mTORC2 activation during osteoblast differentiation.
    Authors: Esen Et al.
    Cell Metab  2013;17:745
  121. MTORC1 functions as a transcriptional regulator of autophagy by preventing nuclear transport of TFEB.
    Authors: Martina Et al.
    Autophagy  2012;8:903
  122. Structure-activity analysis of niclosamide reveals potential role for cytoplasmic pH in control of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling.
    Authors: Fonseca Et al.
    J Biol Chem  2012;287:17530
  123. Keap1 degradation by autophagy for the maintenance of redox homeostasis.
    Authors: Taguchi Et al.
    J Exp Bot  2012;109:13561

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