Human B7‑1/CD80 Alexa Fluor™ Plus 488‑conjugated Antibody

B7-1 and B7-2, together with their receptors CD28 and CTLA-4, constitute one of the dominant co-stimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28 and is involved in the
down‑regulation of the immune response. B7-1 is expressed on activated B cells, activated T cells, and macrophages. B7-2 is constitutively expressed on interdigitating dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, peripheral blood dendritic cells, memory B cells, and germinal center B cells. Additionally, B7-2 is expressed at low levels on monocytes and can be up‑regulated through IFN-gamma. B7-1 and B7-2 are both members of the Immunoglobulin superfamily. Human B7-1 is a 288 amino acid (aa) protein containing a 34 aa signal peptide, a 208 aa extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 25 aa cytoplasmic domain. Human B7-1 and B7-2 share 26% amino acid identity. Human and mouse B7-1 share 44% amino acid identity. However, it has been observed that both human and mouse B7-1 and B7-2 can bind to either human or mouse CD28 and CTLA-4, suggesting that there are conserved amino acids which form theB7-1/B7-2/CD28/CTLA-4 critical binding sites.