GRAIL (Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein; also RNF128) is a 45-47 kDa, type I transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase. It is expressed in the endosomes of select cell types such as early myeloid progenitors and lymphocytes, and mediates the ubiquitination of membrane proteins such as CD3, CD40L, and CD83, plus the tetraspanins CD81 and CD151. GRAIL apparently regulates the threshold for T cell activation, and as such, plays a key role in autoimmunity. In Treg cells, GRAIL promotes suppressive activity by restricting Th17 gene expression. Mature human GRAIL is 390 amino acids (aa) in length (aa 39-428). It possesses a 169 aa luminal region (aa 39-207) and a 190 aa cytoplasmic domain. The luminal region contains one PA (protease-associated) domain that mediates protein-protein interactions (aa 48-193), and the cytoplasmic segment shows one zinc-finger region (aa 277-318). There is one splice variant that shows a 134 aa substitution for aa 1-161. Over aa 42-161, human GRAIL shares 98% aa identity with mouse GRAIL.
Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
R&D Systems | Catalog # AF6234
Scientific images may be resized, cropped, or adjusted for brightness or contrast for presentation purposes. These updates are limited to presentation and do not affect the underlying scientific interpretation of the data. Where available, additional source data may be provided upon request.
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
Validated:
Cited:
Applications
Validated:
Cited:
Label
Antibody Source
Product Specifications
Immunogen
Val42-Pro161
Accession # Q8TEB7
Specificity
Clonality
Host
Isotype
Scientific Data Images for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Detection of Human GRAIL/RNF128 by Western Blot.
Western blot shows lysates of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. PVDF Membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF6234) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for GRAIL/RNF128 at approximately 45 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 8.Detection of Human GRAIL/RNF128 by Western Blot
GRAIL1 downregulates, but GRAIL2 upregulates, CD3 isoforms.(A) In HeLa cells we overexpressed GFP-tagged CD3-delta and zeta in the presence and absence of either DDK-tagged GRAIL1 or V5-tagged GRAIL2. Cell lysates were prepared 24 hours after transfection and subjected to immunoblotting as indicated. (B–E) DDK-tagged CD3 isoforms ( epsilon, gamma, delta, zeta ) were co-overexpressed in the presence of V5-tagged GRAIL1, GRAIL2, or both isoforms. Cell lysates were then subjected to immunoblotting. (F and G) Patient PBMCs were flow-sorted to isolate T cells, which were then exposed to alpha CD3/CD28 antibodies for 10 days. Cells were FACS-sorted based on CD3 and BTLA expression and subjected to either quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR or immunoblotting. ddC, ∆∆Ct. (H) Human T cell leukemia (Jurkat) cells were subjected to transfection using either control or 2 independent GRAIL1-specific siRNAs. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cell lysates were prepared and subjected to immunoblotting using indicated antibodies. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38781019), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.Applications for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Western Blot
Sample: MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Reconstitution
Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.
Formulation
Shipping
Stability & Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Calculators
Background: GRAIL/RNF128
Long Name
Alternate Names
Gene Symbol
UniProt
Additional GRAIL/RNF128 Products
Product Documents for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Certificate of Analysis
To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.
Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.
Product Specific Notices for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
For research use only
Related Research Areas
Citations for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Customer Reviews for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody and earn rewards!
Have you used Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody?
Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card!
$25/€18/£15/$25CAN/¥2500 for a review with an image
$10/€7/£6/$10CAN/¥1110 for a review without an image
Submit a review
Protocols
Find general support by application which include: protocols, troubleshooting, illustrated assays, videos and webinars.
- Cellular Response to Hypoxia Protocols
- R&D Systems Quality Control Western Blot Protocol
- Troubleshooting Guide: Western Blot Figures
- Western Blot Conditions
- Western Blot Protocol
- Western Blot Protocol for Cell Lysates
- Western Blot Troubleshooting
- Western Blot Troubleshooting Guide
- View all Protocols, Troubleshooting, Illustrated assays and Webinars