GRAIL (Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein; also RNF128) is a 45-47 kDa, type I transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase. It is expressed in the endosomes of select cell types such as early myeloid progenitors and lymphocytes, and mediates the ubiquitination of membrane proteins such as CD3, CD40L, and CD83, plus the tetraspanins CD81 and CD151. GRAIL apparently regulates the threshold for T cell activation, and as such, plays a key role in autoimmunity. In Treg cells, GRAIL promotes suppressive activity by restricting Th17 gene expression. Mature human GRAIL is 390 amino acids (aa) in length (aa 39-428). It possesses a 169 aa luminal region (aa 39-207) and a 190 aa cytoplasmic domain. The luminal region contains one PA (protease-associated) domain that mediates protein-protein interactions (aa 48-193), and the cytoplasmic segment shows one zinc-finger region (aa 277-318). There is one splice variant that shows a 134 aa substitution for aa 1-161. Over aa 42-161, human GRAIL shares 98% aa identity with mouse GRAIL.
Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
R&D Systems | Catalog # AF6234
Key Product Details
Species Reactivity
Validated:
Human
Cited:
Human
Applications
Validated:
Western Blot
Cited:
Microarray
Label
Unconjugated
Antibody Source
Polyclonal Sheep IgG
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Product Specifications
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human GRAIL/RNF128
Val42-Pro161
Accession # Q8TEB7
Val42-Pro161
Accession # Q8TEB7
Specificity
Detects human GRAIL/RNF128 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Clonality
Polyclonal
Host
Sheep
Isotype
IgG
Scientific Data Images for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Detection of Human GRAIL/RNF128 by Western Blot.
Western blot shows lysates of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. PVDF Membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF6234) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). A specific band was detected for GRAIL/RNF128 at approximately 45 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 8.Detection of Human GRAIL/RNF128 by Western Blot
GRAIL1 downregulates, but GRAIL2 upregulates, CD3 isoforms.(A) In HeLa cells we overexpressed GFP-tagged CD3-delta and zeta in the presence and absence of either DDK-tagged GRAIL1 or V5-tagged GRAIL2. Cell lysates were prepared 24 hours after transfection and subjected to immunoblotting as indicated. (B–E) DDK-tagged CD3 isoforms ( epsilon, gamma, delta, zeta ) were co-overexpressed in the presence of V5-tagged GRAIL1, GRAIL2, or both isoforms. Cell lysates were then subjected to immunoblotting. (F and G) Patient PBMCs were flow-sorted to isolate T cells, which were then exposed to alpha CD3/CD28 antibodies for 10 days. Cells were FACS-sorted based on CD3 and BTLA expression and subjected to either quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR or immunoblotting. ddC, ∆∆Ct. (H) Human T cell leukemia (Jurkat) cells were subjected to transfection using either control or 2 independent GRAIL1-specific siRNAs. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cell lysates were prepared and subjected to immunoblotting using indicated antibodies. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38781019), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.Applications for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Application
Recommended Usage
Western Blot
1 µg/mL
Sample: MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line
Sample: MCF‑7 human breast cancer cell line
Formulation, Preparation, and Storage
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Reconstitution
Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. For liquid material, refer to CoA for concentration.
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Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Calculators
Background: GRAIL/RNF128
Long Name
Gene Related to Anergy in Lymphocytes Protein/Ring Finger Protein 128
Alternate Names
RNF128
Gene Symbol
RNF128
UniProt
Additional GRAIL/RNF128 Products
Product Documents for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
Certificate of Analysis
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Note: Certificate of Analysis not available for kit components.
Product Specific Notices for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
For research use only
Related Research Areas
Citations for Human GRAIL/RNF128 Antibody
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Protocols
Find general support by application which include: protocols, troubleshooting, illustrated assays, videos and webinars.
- Cellular Response to Hypoxia Protocols
- R&D Systems Quality Control Western Blot Protocol
- Troubleshooting Guide: Western Blot Figures
- Western Blot Conditions
- Western Blot Protocol
- Western Blot Protocol for Cell Lysates
- Western Blot Troubleshooting
- Western Blot Troubleshooting Guide
- View all Protocols, Troubleshooting, Illustrated assays and Webinars
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