LC3 Antibody Pack

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP2-59703

Novus Biologicals
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Key Product Details

Species

Human, Mouse, Rat, Rabbit

Applications

Flow Cytometry, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Knockout Validated, Western Blot

Product Summary for LC3 Antibody Pack

This pack contains 1 vial each of: NB100-2220SS (25 uL), NBP2-46892SS (25 ug) and HAF008.

Product Specifications

Application Notes

See individual datasheets of components for their validated applications

Reactivity Notes

See individual datasheets of components for their validated species

Scientific Data Images for LC3 Antibody Pack

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703] - LC3B was detected in immersion fixed Chloroquine treated HeLa cells (left) but was not detected in LC3B knockout HeLa cells (right) using rabbit anti-human LC3B monoclonal antibody (1251A) [Catalog #NBP2-46892] at 0.3 ug/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights(TM) 557-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL004) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm.
Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703] - LC3B was detected in immersion fixed Cloroquine treated HeLa cells (left) but was not detected in LC3B knockout HeLa cells (right) using rabbit anti-human LC3B polyclonal antibody (Catalog #NB100-2220) at 0.3 ug/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights(TM) 557-conjugated anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL004) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm.
Immunohistochemistry: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Immunohistochemistry: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Immunohistochemistry: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703] - IHC (Immunohistochemical) analysis of a formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue section of normal mouse brain using rabbit monoclonal LC3B (1251A) antibody [Catalog # NBP2-46892] at 1:100 dilution with HRP-DAB detection. The antibody generated a weak diffused cytoplasmic staining in most of the cells but some cells, especially within empty areas on the section, showed punctate signal also which signifies the presence of autophagy in those areas.
Knockout Validated: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703] - Lysates of HeLa parental cell line and LC3B knockout HeLa cell line (KO) untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hours. PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane was probed with 0.5 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-LC3B Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # NB100-2220) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog# HAF008). A specific band was detected for LC3B at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.
Knockout Validated: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703]

Western Blot: LC3 Antibody Pack [NBP2-59703] - Western Blot analysis shows lysates of HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma parental cell line and LC3B knockout HeLa cell line (KO) untreated (-) or treated (+) with 50 uM Chloroquine for 18 hours. PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane was probed with 2.0 ug/mL of Rabbit Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat LC3B Monoclonal Antibody (1251A) [Catalog # NBP2-46892] followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog# HAF008). A specific band was detected for LC3B at a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HeLa cell line, but is not detectable in the knockout HeLa cell line. GAPDH is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions.

Kit Contents for LC3 Antibody Pack

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Formulation

PBS

Concentration

Concentration of individual antibodies may be found on the vial label. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: LC3

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a catabolic process which targets intracellular components such as proteins and organelles for degradation. Originally described as a bulk degradation process, current research supports its selective nature (1). Selective autophagy targets specific cellular components for degradation including the endoplasmic reticulum (2) (ER-phagy), mitochondria3 (mitophagy), peroxisomes (3) (pexophagy), ribosomes (4) (ribophagy) and bacteria (5) (xenophagy). Autophagy relies on a newly formed phagophore, a membrane structure which elongates, sequesters cellular content, and fuses to form a double membrane vesicle known as the autophagosome. Fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes gives rise to the autophagolysosome, where cellular components are degraded by lysosome hydrolases (1).

Autophagic flux is supported by autophagy-related proteins (Atgs) initially identified in yeast (6,7). The core autophagy machinery is comprised of 17 Atg proteins that play specific roles in autophagosome formation. Among these Atg proteins, Atg8 is not only involved in autophagosome formation but also functions in cargo selection. In mammals, several Atg8 homologues have been identified including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha, beta and gamma - LC3A, LC3B, and LC3C (8) respectively, as well as GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), GABARAP-Like1, and GABARAP-Like2 (9). LC3 (predicted molecular weight 14kD) is ubiquitously expressed and undergoes posttranslational processing after synthesis. First, the cysteine protease Atg4 cleaves a carboxy terminal sequence to generate the cytosolic form LC3-I. Next, E1-like (Atg7) and E2-like (Atg3) enzymes conjugate phosphatidylethanolamine to the newly exposed carboxyterminal glycine, generating LC3-II. Finally, the Atg12-Atg5-Atg16L1 complex participates in LC3 lipidation and autophagosome formation (10). LC3B-I to LC3B-II conversion correlates with autophagosome number and is considered the best marker to monitor autophagy.

References

1. Yu, L., Chen, Y., & Tooze, S. A. (2018). Autophagy pathway: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Autophagy. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548627.2017.1378838

2. Forrester, A., De Leonibus, C., Grumati, P., Fasana, E., Piemontese, M., Staiano, L.,... Settembre, C. (2019). A selective ER-phagy exerts procollagen quality control via a Calnexin-FAM 134B complex. The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201899847

3. He, X., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y., Geng, Y., Gong, J., Geng, J.,... Zhong, H. (2019). RNF34 functions in immunity and selective mitophagy by targeting MAVS for autophagic degradation. The EMBO Journal. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2018100978

4. Mathai, B., Meijer, A., & Simonsen, A. (2017). Studying Autophagy in Zebrafish. Cells. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells6030021

5. Losier, T. T., Akuma, M., McKee-Muir, O. C., LeBlond, N. D., Suk, Y., Alsaadi, R. M.,... Russell, R. C. (2019). AMPK Promotes Xenophagy through Priming of Autophagic Kinases upon Detection of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles. Cell Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.062

6. Nakatogawa, H., Suzuki, K., Kamada, Y., & Ohsumi, Y. (2009). Dynamics and diversity in autophagy mechanisms: Lessons from yeast. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2708

7. Tsukada, M., & Ohsumi, Y. (1993). Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(93)80398-E

8. Wild, P., McEwan, D. G., & Dikic, I. (2014). The LC3 interactome at a glance. Journal of Cell Science. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.140426

9. Igloi, G. L. (2001). Cloning, expression patterns, and chromosome localization of three human and two mouse homologues of GABAA receptor-associated protein. Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2001.6555

10. Glick, D., Barth, S., & Macleod, K. F. (2010). Autophagy: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Journal of Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2697

Alternate Names

ATG8F, LC3B, MAP1A/1BLC3, map1lc3b, MAP1LC3B-a, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta

Gene Symbol

MAP1LC3B

Additional LC3 Products

Product Documents for LC3 Antibody Pack

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.

Product Specific Notices for LC3 Antibody Pack

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Antibody Packs are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Citations for LC3 Antibody Pack

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Protocols

Find general support by application which include: protocols, troubleshooting, illustrated assays, videos and webinars.

FAQs for LC3 Antibody Pack

Showing  1 - 2 of 2 FAQs Showing All

  • Q: Can you recommend a positive control (like a recombinant LC3 purified protein) for LC3B antibody NB100-2220? I am using the antibody on a western blot of mouse tissue.

    A: We recommend NBP1-45308 which is a full length protein that can be used for WB with NB100-2220. 

  • Q: May we ask if it is possible to perform IF to stain LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors?

    A: Yes, it is possible to perform IF stain for LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors! You will have to use two different primary antibodies and in order to avoid any potential background/cross reactivity issues, I would suggest that you employ conjugated primary antibodies for the testing. 1. Our LC3I antibody (NBP1-78964) has been designed to specifically detect the cytosolic form of the LC3 protein which is actually LC3 I (Note: LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes). 2. There is not even a single antibody to our knowledge that would exclusively detect the LC3 II form, and you would have to detect LC3II/ autophagic membranes form with an antibody which detects LC3 I/LC3II together. Therefore you may opt second antibody from one of the followings: LC3 Antibody (NB100-2220), LC3 Antibody (NB100-2331), LC3 Antibody (NBP1-19167). All of these mentioned catalog #s come with different options for their conjugated forms and you may select appropriate conjugated forms for performing the IF staining using our explained criteria.

  • Q: Can you recommend a positive control (like a recombinant LC3 purified protein) for LC3B antibody NB100-2220? I am using the antibody on a western blot of mouse tissue.

    A: We recommend NBP1-45308 which is a full length protein that can be used for WB with NB100-2220. 

  • Q: May we ask if it is possible to perform IF to stain LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors?

    A: Yes, it is possible to perform IF stain for LC3-I and LC3-II separately with two different fluorescent colors! You will have to use two different primary antibodies and in order to avoid any potential background/cross reactivity issues, I would suggest that you employ conjugated primary antibodies for the testing. 1. Our LC3I antibody (NBP1-78964) has been designed to specifically detect the cytosolic form of the LC3 protein which is actually LC3 I (Note: LC3-II binds to the autophagic membranes). 2. There is not even a single antibody to our knowledge that would exclusively detect the LC3 II form, and you would have to detect LC3II/ autophagic membranes form with an antibody which detects LC3 I/LC3II together. Therefore you may opt second antibody from one of the followings: LC3 Antibody (NB100-2220), LC3 Antibody (NB100-2331), LC3 Antibody (NBP1-19167). All of these mentioned catalog #s come with different options for their conjugated forms and you may select appropriate conjugated forms for performing the IF staining using our explained criteria.

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