Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 Antibody

Endocan/ESM‑1 in Mouse Embryo. Endocan/ESM-1 was detected in perfusion fixed frozen sections of mouse embryo (13 d.p.c.) using Goat Anti-Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1999) at 5 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to the retina. View our protocol for Fluorescent IHC Staining of Frozen Tissue Sections.

Cell Adhesion Mediated by Endocan/ESM‑1 and Neutralization by Mouse Endocan/ESM‑1 Antibody. Recombinant Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 (Catalog # 1999-EC), immobilized onto a microplate, supports the adhesion of the Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Adhesion elicited by Recombinant Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 (25 µg/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF1999). The ND₅₀ is typically 1-5 µg/mL.

Detection of Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 by Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence Endothelial changes after pericyte depletion. a–f Maximum intensity projection of confocal images from control and DTRiPC P6 retinas stained for IB4 (red) in combination with VEGF-A a, VEGFR2 b, VEGFR3 c, Tie2 d, Esm1 e, and Dll4 f (all in white), as indicated. Note local increase of VEGFR2, VEGFR3, and Esm1 (arrowheads in b, c, e) but not Tie2 or VEGF-A at the edge of the vessel plexus. Dll4 expression in DTRiPC sprouts is increased in some regions (arrowheads) but absent in others (arrows). Scale bar, 100 µm. g–j Quantitation of VEGF-A immunosignals area and intensity g, signal intensity for VEGFR2 h and VEGFR3 i and proportion of Esm1+ area with respect to vascular area j in the P6 control and DTRiPC angiogenic front. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146905), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 by Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence Vascular alterations after intraocular VEGF-A injection. a Morphology of IB4-stained P6 wild-type retinal vessels at 4 h after administration of human VEGF-A165 (0.5 µl at a concentration of 5 μg μl−1). Note blunt appearance of the vessel front after VEGF-A injection but not for vehicle (PBS) control. Scale bar, 200 µm. b Quantitation of sprouts and filopodia at the front of the P6 vessel plexus after injection of VEGF-A165 or vehicle control. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test. c PDGFR beta + (green) pericytes are unaffected by short-term VEGF-A administration, whereas VEGFR2 immunosignals (white) are increased in IB4+ (red) ECs (arrowheads). Images shown correspond to insets in a. Scale bar, 100 µm. d Quantitation of VEGFR2 immunosignals intensity in the peripheral plexus of P6 retinas after injection of VEGF-A165 or vehicle control. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test. e Confocal images showing increased Esm1 immunostaining (white) in IB4+ (red) ECs in the peripheral plexus (arrowheads) after VEGF-A injection in P6 pups. Scale bar, 200 µm. f VEGF-A165 injection-mediated increase of Esm1 immunosignals (normalized to IB4+ EC area) in the peripheral capillary plexus but not at the edge of the angiogenic front in comparison to PBS-injected controls at P6. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test. NS, not statistically significant. g Short-term VEGF-A165 administration leads to clustering of Erg1+ (green) and IB4+ (red) ECs, as indicated, in thick sprout-like structures of P6 retinas. Panels in the center and on the right (scale bar, 20 µm) show higher magnification of the insets on the left (scale bar, 100 µm). Dashed lines in panels on the right outline IB4+ vessels. h Quantitation of EC density in the leading front vessel and emerging sprouts of the P6 angiogenic front after injection of VEGF-A165 or vehicle control. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146905), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Detection of Mouse Endocan/ESM-1 by Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence Inactivation of Flt1 in PDGFR beta + cells. a Experimental scheme of tamoxifen administration for the generation of Flt1iPC mutants. b P6 control, Flt1iPC/+ and Flt1iPC retinas stained with isolectin B4 (IB4). Dashed circles indicate vessel-covered (yellow) and peripheral avascular (white) areas in the overview pictures (top). Scale bar, 500 µm. c Quantitation of body weight and radial outgrowth of the retinal vasculature in control, Flt1iPC/+ and Flt1iPC P6 pups. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, one-way ANOVA. NS, not statistically significant. d Confocal images of the IB4-stained P6 control, Flt1iPC/+ and Flt1iPC retinal angiogenic front illustrating differences in sprout number and morphology. Scale bar, 100 µm. e Quantitation of sprouts and filopodia in P6 control, Flt1iPC/+ and Flt1iPC retinas. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. NS, not statistically significant. f Confocal images of IB4 (red), Erg1 (green) and VEGFR2 (white) stained P6 retinas highlighting the accumulation of EC nuclei and enhanced VEGFR2 immunosignals (arrowheads) in Flt1iPC sprouts. Vessels are outlined by dashed lines on the right panel. Scale bar, 100 µm. g Quantitation of EC proliferation (EdU+ Erg1+) at the angiogenic front, EC density in sprouts and leading front vessel and VEGFR2 immunosignals intensity in the angiogenic front of control and Flt1iPC P6 retinas. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test. h Esm1 (white) expression (arrowheads) in the angiogenic front (IB4+, red, first two columns) and detection of desmin+ pericytes (green, third column) in P6 control and Flt1iPC retinas. Scale bar, 100 µm. i Quantitation of Esm1+ proportion relative to vascular area (IB4+) in the angiogenic front of control and Flt1iPC P6 retinas. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test. j Confocal images of P6 retinas stained for NG2 (green) and IB4 (red) showing no significant changes in pericyte coverage in the front (first two columns) or the remodeling plexus around veins (v) or arteries (a) (last two columns). Scale bar, 100 µm. k, l Quantitation of pericyte coverage k and relative gene expression by qPCR on whole lysates l in control and Flt1iPC P6 retinas. Error bars, s.e.m. p-values, Student’s t-test. NS, not statistically significant Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29146905), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.