Recombinant Human VEGF 165 Avi-tag Biotinylated Protein, CF

Recombinant Human VEGF 165 Avi-tag Biotinylated Protein, CF Summary

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Binding Activity View Larger

When Recombinant Human VEGFR1/Flt-1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 321-FL) is immobilized at 1 µg/mL, Biotinylated Recombinant Human VEGF 165 Avi-tag (Catlaog # AVI293) binds with an ED₅₀of 0.6-3.6 ng/mL.

SDS-PAGE View Larger

2 μg/lane of Biotinylated Recombinant Human VEGF 165 Avi-tag (Catalog # AVI293) was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) and non-reducing (NR) conditions and visualized by Coomassie® blue staining, showing bands at 20-28 kDa and 40-56 kDa, respectively.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues and a cystine knot structure (4). Humans express alternately spliced isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) in length (4). VEGF₁₆₅ appears to be the most abundant and potent isoform, followed by VEGF₁₂₁ and VEGF₁₈₉ (3, 4). Isoforms other than VEGF₁₂₁ contain basic heparin-binding regions and are not freely diffusible (4). Human VEGF₁₆₅ shares 88% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse and rat, 96% with porcine, 95% with canine, and 93% with feline, equine and bovine VEGF, respectively. VEGF binds the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells (4). Although VEGF affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). VEGF₁₆₅ binds the semaphorin receptor, Neuropilin-1 and promotes complex formation with VEGF R2 (5). VEGF is required during embryogenesis to regulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells (3, 4). In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle (3). Pathologically, it is involved in tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage (6, 7). Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (8). VEGF is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, oncostatin M and TNF-alpha (3, 4, 9).

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