Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

SARS-CoV-2

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, Immunocytochemistry

Label

Allophycocyanin (Excitation = 620-650 nm, Emission = 660-670 nm)

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG
View all Spike S2 Subunit Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Human embryonic kidney cell HEK293-derived SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Subunit
Ser686-Lys1211
Accession # YP_009724390.1

Specificity

Detects SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Subunit  in direct ELISAs.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Goat

Isotype

IgG

Applications for SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Antibody [Allophycocyanin]

Application
Recommended Usage

Immunocytochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Western Blot

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Optimal dilution of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Formulation

PBS

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C in the dark.

Background: Spike S2 Subunit

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is one of the four major structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (1,2). The spike protein is the largest of the structural proteins, which also include the membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins (1,2). The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a 1273 amino acid (aa) heterotrimeric class I fusion protein with each monomer having a theoretical molecular weight of approximately 180 kDa (1). The club-shaped spike protein contains several functional regions and domains including the S1 globular head region which contains the N-terminal receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the S2 stem region that contains the C-terminal fusion domain, two heptad regions, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail (1,2). The viral spike protein is critical for attachment of the virus with the host cell, resulting in fusion and virus entry into the cell (1,2). More specifically, the RBD of the spike protein is responsible for binding to the cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (1,2). This spike-ACE2 interaction results in a conformational change permitting furin cleavage between the S1 and S2 domains and then cleavage at S2' by TMPRRS2, or another protease, allowing membrane fusion (1,2).

Given the critical role of the spike protein RBD in the interaction with the ACE2 receptor and viral entry, a number of neutralizing antibodies against the RBD have been developed as potential therapeutics for treating COVID-19 (3). These antibodies bind the RBD domain on the S1 subunit inhibiting the interaction with ACE2 (3). However, more studies need to be done as neutralizing antibodies can result in antibody-dependent enhancement, in which the viral entry and replication within the host cell is increased (4). One potential way to combat antibody-dependent enhancement is the use of nanobodies (4). Furthermore, there are currently several vaccine strategies that are in clinical trials, or recently federally approved, that utilize the spike protein in different forms (e.g. full length, S1 RBD, RBD-Fc, N-terminal) for protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection (4,5). These vaccine strategies include DNA vaccines, viral vector-based vaccines, RNA vaccines, and subunit vaccines (4,5).

References

1. Pillay T. S. (2020). Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike protein. Journal of Clinical Pathology. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206658

2. Malik Y. A. (2020). Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2. The Malaysian Journal of Pathology.

3. Ho M. (2020). Perspectives on the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Antibody Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1093/abt/tbaa009

4. Samrat, S. K., Tharappel, A. M., Li, Z., & Li, H. (2020). Prospect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential role in vaccine and therapeutic development. Virus Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198141

5. Sternberg, A., & Naujokat, C. (2020). Structural features of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Targets for vaccination. Life Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118056

Long Name

Spike Protein, S2 Subunit

Alternate Names

COVID-19, S2 protein, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 Spike, Spike glycoprotein Subunit 2, spike protein, Spike protein S2, structural protein, surface glycoprotein

Additional Spike S2 Subunit Products

Product Documents for SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Antibody [Allophycocyanin]

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.

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Product Specific Notices for SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Antibody [Allophycocyanin]

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

Related Research Areas

Infectious Diseases

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Protocols

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