TLR7 Antibody - BSA Free

Name: TLR7 Antibody - BSA Free
Brand: Novus Biologicals
SKU: NBP2-24767
Price: 159 USD
Availability: InStock

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP2-24767

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Citations (1)

Product Documents

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Product Specifications
Scientific Data
Applications
Flow Cytometry
Preparation & Storage
Background
Product Documents
Specific Notices
Research Areas

Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Validated:

Human, Primate, Rhesus Macaque

Cited:

Human

Applications

Validated:

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry

Cited:

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Western Blot

Label

Unconjugated

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG

Format

BSA Free

View all TLR7 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

A portion of amino acids 900-950 of human TLR7 was used as the immunogen.

Reactivity Notes

Chimpanzee (100%), Dog (83%)

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Scientific Data Images for TLR7 Antibody - BSA Free

Flow Cytometry: TLR7 Antibody [NBP2-24767]

Flow Cytometry: TLR7 Antibody [NBP2-24767] - Intracellular staining by analysis of TLR7 in human PBMCs using this antibody at 2 ug/ml. Shaded histogrm represents cells alone; green represents rabbit IgG isotype control, and red represents the TLR7 antibody.

Western Blot: TLR7 Antibody [NBP2-24767]

Western Blot: TLR7 Antibody [NBP2-24767] - Analysis of human TLR7 in Ramos cell lysate in the 1) absence and 2) presence of immunizing peptide using this antibody.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR7 Antibody [NBP2-24767]

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: TLR7 Antibody [NBP2-24767] - Human brain using 1:50 dilution of TLR7 antibody on a Bond Rx autostainer (Leica Biosystems). The assay involved 20 minutes of heat induced antigen retrieval (HIER) using 10mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and endogenous peroxidase quenching with peroxide block. The sections were incubated with primary antibody for 30 minutes and Bond Polymer Refine Detection (Leica Biosystems) with DAB was used for signal development followed by counterstaining with hematoxylin. Whole slide scanning and capturing of representative images (20X) was performed using Aperio AT2 (Leica Biosystems). Punctate staining of neurons was observed. Staining was performed by Histowiz.

Applications for TLR7 Antibody - BSA Free

Application

Recommended Usage

Flow Cytometry

1-2 ug / 10^6 cells

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

reported in scientific literature (PMID 25586463)

Western Blot

0.5-2 ug/ml

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Advanced Features

Spectra Viewer - Custom analysis of spectra from multiple fluorochromes
Spillover Popups - Visualize the spectra of individual fluorochromes
Antigen Density Selector - Match fluorochrome brightness with antigen density

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Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Protein G purified

Formulation

PBS

Format

BSA Free

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

1.0 mg/ml

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C short term. Aliquot and store at -20C long term. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.

Background: TLR7

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a type I transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of endosomes and has a role in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) recognition and host defense (1-3). TLR7 is primarily expressed in the brain, placenta, spleen, stomach, and lungs (4). TLR7 recognizes microbial single stranded RNA (ssRNA), specifically guanosine and its derivatives (1-3). Human TLR7 cDNA encodes a 1049 amino acid (aa) protein with a theoretical molecular weight (MW) of 120.9 kDa (4). The TLR7 protein consists of a signal sequence, an 813 aa extracellular domain containing leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) which form a horseshoe-like shape, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 189 aa cytoplasmic domain with cytosolic Toll-interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domains (1,2,4). TLR7 and its fellow subfamily members, TLR8 and TLR9, possess a characteristic Z-loop between two LRRs with proteolytic Z-loop processing required for TLR activation (2). Z-loop cleavage in TLR7 allows for guanosine and uridine-rich ssRNA binding to the 1st and 2nd ligand binding site, respectively (2). The TIR domain associates with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) to initiate downstream signaling (1-3,5,6). Following activation by PAMPs, TLR7 dimerizes and bound MyD88 interacts with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) (1,5). Together the complex recruits IRAK-1 and IRAK-2, which become phosphorylated, and interact with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (1,5). TRAF6 induces the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and interferon-regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), leading to interferon production and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion associated with immune response (1,5).

While TLRs play an important role in innate immune response, dysfunction in the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade has also been reported in various autoimmune disorders (5,6). Elevated expression of TLR7 is associated with increased risk of system lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease involving B cell hyperactivity (6,7). Studies involving mouse models has also found that increased TLR7 expression predisposes mice to a lupus-like disease (7). Therapeutics targeting TLR7 have been developed to either enhance or inhibit its activity depending on the circumstance. For example, TLR7 agonists such as imiquimod, resiquimod, and 852A are used to increase TLR7 activity for treatment of cancers and to fight viral infections (7,8). On the other hand, TLR7 antagonists inhibit its activation and have been developed to combat chronic immune stimulation as seen in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (8).

References

1. Petes C, Odoardi N, Gee K. The Toll for Trafficking: Toll-Like Receptor 7 Delivery to the Endosome. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1075. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01075

2. Maeda K, Akira S. TLR7 Structure: Cut in Z-Loop. Immunity. 2016;45(4):705-707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.003

3. Krieg AM, Vollmer J. Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9: linking innate immunity to autoimmunity. Immunol Rev. 2007;220:251-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2007.00572.x

4. Uniprot (Q9NYK1)

5. Zheng C, Chen J, Chu F, Zhu J, Jin T. Inflammatory Role of TLR-MyD88 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci. 2020;12:314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00314

6. Chi H, Li C, Zhao FS, et al. Anti-tumor Activity of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonists. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:304. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00304

7. Fillatreau S, Manfroi B, Dorner T. Toll-like receptor signalling in B cells during systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021;17(2):98-108. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-00544-4

8. Patinote C, Karroum NB, Moarbess G, et al. Agonist and antagonist ligands of toll-like receptors 7 and 8: Ingenious tools for therapeutic purposes. Eur J Med Chem. 2020;193:112238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112238

Long Name

Toll-like Receptor 7

Alternate Names

toll-like receptor 7

Gene Symbol

TLR7

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Product Specific Notices for TLR7 Antibody - BSA Free

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.