Angiotensin Peptides and Receptors
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| Peptides | Sequences | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| These peptides are formed in the blue section of the RAS pathways. | ||||||||||
| Angiotensin (1-25) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L... |
| Angiotensin (1-12) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L... |
| Angiotensin I (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L |
| Angiotensin II (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | ||
| These peptides are formed in the purple section of the RAS pathways. | ||||||||||
| Angiotensin I (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L |
| Angiotensin II (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | ||
| Angiotensin (1-7) (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | |||
| Angiotensin (1-9) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | |
| These peptides are formed in the orange section of the RAS pathways. | ||||||||||
| Angiotensin I (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L |
| DAA-I | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L | |
| Angiotensin (3-10) | V | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L | ||
| Angiotensin (4-10) | Y | I | H | P | F | H | L | |||
| Angiotensin (5-10) | I | H | P | F | H | L | ||||
| Angiotensin (6-10) | H | P | F | H | L | |||||
| Angiotensin III | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | |||
| Angiotensin IV | V | Y | I | H | P | F | ||||
| Angiotensin (4-8) | Y | I | H | P | F | |||||
| Angiotensin (5-8) | I | H | P | F | ||||||
| These peptides are formed in the green section of the RAS pathways. | ||||||||||
| Angiotensin II (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | ||
| Angiotensin A (tocris.com) | A | R | V | Y | I | H | P | F | ||
| Alamandine | A | R | V | Y | I | H | P | |||
| Angiotensin (1-4) | D | R | V | Y | ||||||
| Angiotensin (1-3) | D | R | V | |||||||
| Angiotensin (1-2) | D | R | ||||||||
| Angiotensin (1-7) (tocris.com) | D | R | V | Y | I | H | P | |||
| Angiotensin (2-7) | R | V | Y | I | H | P | ||||
| Angiotensin (3-7) | V | Y | I | H | P | |||||
| Angiotensin (3-4) | V | Y | ||||||||
| Angiotensin (1-5) | D | R | V | Y | I | |||||
| Angiotensin (1-4) | D | R | V | Y | ||||||
Overview of Angiotensin Peptides and Receptors
Angiotensinogen/Serpin A8 is primarily secreted into the circulation by the liver. It is cleaved by Renin to generate Angiotensin I which is cleaved by ACE/CD143 to generate Angiotensin II. Several aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases, and endopeptidases act on Angiotensin peptides to generate a very large number of additional peptides. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and inducer of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, coagulation, and oxidative stress. Some Angiotensin peptides show weaker activity, and some [e.g. Angiotensin (1-9) and (1-7)] counteract the effects of Angiotensin II. Angiotensin peptides signal through the AT1R/AGTR1 and AT2R/AGTR2 receptors, Mas, MrgD, and LNPEP.
The receptors AT1R/AGTR1 and AT2R/AGTR2 are the primary receptors that mediate the activities of Angiotensin peptides. They are widely expressed in the heart, vasculature, skeletal muscle, kidney, brain, pancreas, and adipose tissue. AT1R activation by Angiotensin II promotes vasoconstriction, cardiac contractility, renal sodium retention, insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and sympathetic nervous activity. AT1R can form heterodimers with AT2R or Mas, both of which generally antagonize these functions. The Renin R binds and activates proRenin, resulting in Renin’s cleavage of Angiotensinogen/Serpin A8 to Angiotensin I. Elevated soluble Renin R levels are associated with decreased renal function in preeclampsia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and essential hypertension.
Related Information
- Renin-Angiotensin System
- ACE Inhibitors (tocris.com)
- Atherosclerosis (tocris.com)
- Atherosclerois Disease Progression Poster
- Atherosclerosis Disease Progression Cell Markers
- Blood Coagulation Signaling Pathways
- Hypertension Research (tocris.com)
- Kidney Biomarker Magnetic Luminex® Performance Assay
- Kidney Cell Markers
- Platelet Activation Pathways
- Platelets
- Serine Proteases and Regulators
- Vascular Endothelium
- Vascular Reactivity Poster (tocris.com)
- Vascular Smooth Muscle