Immuno-Oncology Research Reagents and Resources

Immune Cell Phenotyping in the Tumor Microenvironment

Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment

Immuno-oncology research is providing the foundation for the development of more effective cancer therapies. To support these studies, we are focused on providing the highest quality reagents to simplify and advance your research. From proteins and antibodies to single and multianalyte immunoassays, our products undergo extensive in-house validation to ensure performance, consistency, and specificity, so you can have confidence in your results from one experiment to the next.

Immune Checkpoint Targets

Immune checkpoint molecules can either promote or inhibit immune cell functions. Ligand binding to stimulatory receptors promotes immune cell activation, while ligand binding to inhibitory receptors suppresses immune cell activation.

Tumor cells frequently exploit immune checkpoint pathways by up-regulating the expression of ligands that bind to inhibitory receptors, allowing them to evade immune detection. To prevent this, researchers have targeted immune checkpoint molecules for cancer immunotherapy using either agonists of immune cell stimulatory receptors to drive immune cell activation, or antagonists of inhibitory receptors to prevent down-regulation of anti-tumor immune responses. Use the links below to browse our selection of products for immune checkpoint research.

Immune Checkpoint Proteins

Rely on the performance and consistency of our immune checkpoint proteins to optimize your inhibitor screening assays. Multiple species and tags are available.

Immune Checkpoint Blocking Antibodies

Explore our wide selection of blocking antibodies for key ligand- receptor pairs involved in regulating immune cell activity.

ELISAs for Immune Checkpoint Research

Quantitatively assess the presence and abundance of disease markers with immune checkpoint immunoassays.

Immune Cell Phenotyping in the Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex network of different cell types that can either suppress or promote tumor growth. Use the links below to find the markers that are commonly used to distinguish different immune cell types or cell type-specific subsets in the tumor microenvironment.

Natural Killer Cells

NK cells provide the first line of defense against tumor cells by exerting direct cytotoxic effects and secreting IFN-γ. Learn more about NK cell activation and markers.

CD4⁺ Th1 Cells

CD4⁺ Th1 cells secrete high levels of IFN-γ and promote the functions of M1 macrophages, NK cells, and CD8⁺ T cells to drive tumor rejection. Discover more about Th1 cells.

Dendritic Cells

Dendritic cells regulate T cell activation and promote the differentiation of effector T cell subsets. Learn about different DC subsets.

Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs)

TAMs are typically the most abundant immune cell type in the TME. Explore macrophage phenotypes and functions.

Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs)

MDSCs are immature myeloid cells that accumulate in the TME and promote tumor growth. Learn about the two major MDSC subsets.

Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)

Tregs produce cytokines that inhibit the activities of effector T cells in the TME. See the markers used to identify Tregs.

Cell-Mediated Mechanisms of Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment

Regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated M2 macrophages are immune cells with immunosuppressive properties that are thought to play key roles in inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses. Explore the interactive pathways linked below to learn about the different mechanisms that these cell types use to negatively regulate anti-tumor immune responses.

Diagram showing the mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophage-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment

Tumor-Associated Macrophages

TAMs inhibit anti-tumor immune responses through multiple mechanisms. Discover how TAMs drive tumor progression.

Diagram showing the mechanisms of myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment

Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells

MDSCs accumulate during cancer and inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Learn about MDSC-mediated mechanisms of immunosuppression.

Diagram showing the mechanisms of regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment

Regulatory T Cells

Tregs inhibit anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor growth. Read about Treg-mediated immune suppression.

Cancer Signaling Pathways

Signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, and growth are frequently altered in tumor cells and can contribute to immune suppression and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade strategies. View these pathways to see how they may promote tumor escape and gain a better understanding of why simultaneous blockade of these pathways is being investigated to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies.