PD-L1 Antibody [Biotin]

Novus Biologicals | Catalog # NBP1-76769B

Novus Biologicals
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Key Product Details

Species Reactivity

Human, Mouse, Rat

Applications

Immunohistochemistry, Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin, Immunohistochemistry-Frozen, Immunohistochemistry Whole-Mount, Western Blot, ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC, Immunofluorescence, Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation, Knockdown Validated

Label

Biotin

Antibody Source

Polyclonal Rabbit IgG
View all PD-L1/B7-H1 Primary Antibodies »

Product Specifications

Immunogen

Antibody was raised against a 17 amino acid synthetic peptide from near the center of human PD-L1. The immunogen is located within amino acids 60-110 of PD-L1.

Specificity

PD-L1 antibody has no cross-reactivity to PD-L2.

Clonality

Polyclonal

Host

Rabbit

Isotype

IgG

Description

This conjugate is made on demand and is not held in inventory. Each order represents a unique lot. All conjugates are generated using validated conjugation protocols and meet strict degree of labeling (F/P) specifications; additional information is available upon request. The antibody concentration is provided on the individual product label.

For specialized conjugation needs, like large quantities, specific concentrations, and defined F/P ratios, bulk and custom antibody conjugation services are available.

Applications for PD-L1 Antibody [Biotin]

Application
Recommended Usage

Dual RNAscope ISH-IHC

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

ELISA

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Flow Cytometry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunofluorescence

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry Whole-Mount

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Immunoprecipitation

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Knockdown Validated

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.

Western Blot

Optimal dilutions of this antibody should be experimentally determined.
Application Notes
Recommended applications are based on validated applications from the unconjugated base product NBP1-76769. This conjugated antibody is not kept in inventory and is made to order using validated conjugation protocols.

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Flow Cytometry

Formulation, Preparation, and Storage

Purification

Peptide affinity purified

Formulation

PBS

Preservative

0.05% Sodium Azide

Concentration

Please see the vial label for concentration. If unlisted please contact technical services.

Shipping

The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Store at 4C in the dark.

Background: PD-L1/B7-H1

Programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as CD274 and B7-H1, is a 33 kDa type I glycoprotein containing 290 amino acids (aa) belonging to the protein B7 family and serves as part of an immune checkpoint (1,2). PD-L1 contains an Ig-V and Ig-C-like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail lacking canonical signaling motifs (2,3). PD-L1 is the ligand that binds the receptor programmed-death 1 (PD-1) which is highly expressed on active T cells (1-3). PD-L1 is typically upregulated by tumor cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), but also expressed on T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, and some non-immune cell types (1-3). In addition to the membrane-bound, PD-L1 is released from cells both in soluble form and bound to extracellular vesicles (4).

PD-L1 binding with receptor PD-1 results in phosphorylation of in the inhibitory tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM) domain of PD-1, which leads to recruitment of Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine-phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) and eventual downstream phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and phospholipid inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) (1,3). Under normal conditions, the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis helps maintain immune tolerance and prevent destructive immune responses by inhibiting T cell activity such as proliferation, survival, cytokine production, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cytotoxicity (1-3). In the tumor microenvironment (TME), however, the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis is hijacked to promote tumor cell survival and limit anti-tumor immune response (1,3). More precisely, tumor cells can escape killing and immune surveillance due to T cell exhaustion and apoptosis (1-3).

Given the role the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis plays in tumor cells' ability to evade immune surveillance, it has become a target of several immunotherapeutic agents in recent years (3,5). Antibody immunotherapies that target these inhibitory checkpoint molecules has shown great promise for cancer treatment (3,5). PD-L1 and PD-1 blocking agents have been approved for treatment in a number of cancers including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma, and Merkel-cell carcinoma (3,5). In many cancers the expression of PD-L1 in the TME has predictive value for response to blocking agents (3). Pembrolizumab, for example, is a PD-1 inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA as a second-line therapy for treatment of metastatic NSCLC in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 with a Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) greater than 1%, but also for first-line treatment in cases where patients' tumors expression PD-L1 with a TPS greater than 50%) (5). The most promising cancer immunotherapy treatments seem to point to combination therapy with both anti-cancer drugs (e.g. Gefitibin, Metformin, Etoposide) with PD-L1/PD-1 antibody blockade inhibitors (e.g. Atezolizumab, Nivolumab) (6).

References

1. Han, Y., Liu, D., & Li, L. (2020). PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: current researches in cancer. American journal of cancer research, 10(3), 727-742.

2. Jiang, Y., Chen, M., Nie, H., & Yuan, Y. (2019). PD-1 and PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy: clinical implications and future considerations. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 15(5), 1111-1122. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1571892

3. Sun, C., Mezzadra, R., & Schumacher, T. N. (2018). Regulation and Function of the PD-L1 Checkpoint. Immunity, 48(3), 434-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.014

4. Cha, J. H., Chan, L. C., Li, C. W., Hsu, J. L., & Hung, M. C. (2019). Mechanisms Controlling PD-L1 Expression in Cancer. Molecular cell, 76(3), 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.030

5. Tsoukalas, N., Kiakou, M., Tsapakidis, K., Tolia, M., Aravantinou-Fatorou, E., Baxevanos, P., Kyrgias, G., & Theocharis, S. (2019). PD-1 and PD-L1 as immunotherapy targets and biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology, 24(3), 883-888.

6. Gou, Q., Dong, C., Xu, H., Khan, B., Jin, J., Liu, Q., Shi, J., & Hou, Y. (2020). PD-L1 degradation pathway and immunotherapy for cancer. Cell death & disease, 11(11), 955. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-020-03140-2

Long Name

Programmed Death Ligand 1

Alternate Names

B7-H1, B7H1, CD274, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDL1

Gene Symbol

CD274

Additional PD-L1/B7-H1 Products

Product Documents for PD-L1 Antibody [Biotin]

Certificate of Analysis

To download a Certificate of Analysis, please enter a lot or batch number in the search box below.

Download SDS

Product Specific Notices for PD-L1 Antibody [Biotin]

This product is for research use only and is not approved for use in humans or in clinical diagnosis. Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt.

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Protocols

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