Human CD44 Alexa Fluor® 594-conjugated Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: CD44

CD44 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is the major receptor for hyaluronan and exerts control over cell growth and migration (1‑3). Human CD44 has a 20 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, an extracellular domain (ECD) with a 100 aa hyaluronan‑binding disulfide‑stabilized link region and a 325‑530 aa stem region, a 21 aa transmembrane domain, and a 72 aa cytoplasmic domain. CD44 transcripts undergo complex alternative splicing, and, within the stem, ten variably spliced exons (v1‑10 corresponding to exons 6‑15; although human CD44 lacks v1/exon 6) produce multiple protein isoforms (1‑4). The standard or hematopoietic form, CD44H, does not include the variable segments (1‑4). Cancer aggressiveness and T cell activation have been correlated with expression of specific isoforms (1, 4, 5). Human CD44v5 contains exon 10 and is associated with tumor progression and metastasis in many types of cancer including breast, colon, lung, renal, skin, and ovarian tumors (6, 12). With variable N‑ and O‑glycosylation and splicing within the stalk, CD44 can range from 80 to 200 kDa (1). Within the N‑terminal invariant portion of the ECD (aa 21‑222), human CD44 shares 76%, 76%, 86%, 83% and 79% identity with corresponding mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine CD44, respectively. The many reported functions of CD44 fall within three categories (1). First, CD44 binds hyaluronan and other ligands within the extracellular matrix and can function as a "platform" for growth factors and metalloproteinases. Second, CD44 can function as a co‑receptor that modifies activity of receptors including MET and the ERBB family of tyrosine kinases. Third, the CD44 intracellular domain links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton via the ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin. CD44 can be synthesized in a soluble form (6) or may be cleaved at multiple sites by either membrane‑type matrix metalloproteinases, or ADAM proteases to produce soluble ectodomains (8, 9). The cellular portion may then undergo gamma secretase‑dependent intramembrane cleavage to form an A beta‑like transmembrane portion and a cytoplasmic signaling portion that affects gene expression (10, 11). These cleavage events are thought to promote metastasis by enhancing tumor cell motility and growth (1, 8). CD44v5 plays important role in cancer progression involving in cell migration and invasion and is considered a functional cancer biomarker (6, 12).

Product Datasheets

Related Research Areas

• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Adhesion Molecules on VSMC
• Adipose-derived Stem Cell Markers
• B Cell Markers
• Basophils
• Cancer Biomarkers
• Cancer Stem Cell Markers
• Chondrogenesis Markers
• Dendritic Cell Adhesion and Migration
• Glial Lineage Markers
• Granulocyte Markers
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell Markers
• Hyaluronan (HA) and HA-binding Proteins
• Leukocyte Receptors/Markers in Allergy and Asthma
• Lymphoma
• Mesenchymal Stem Cell Markers
• Microglia Development
• Multiple Myeloma
• Myeloid Lineage Markers
• Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC)
• Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells
• NCR+ILC3
• Osteoblast and Osteoclast Markers
• Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)