Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Antibody

Catalog #: AF365
24 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS

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AF365
AF365-SP

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Chemotaxis Induced by CX3CL1/Fractalkine and Neutralization by Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Antibody.

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Citations (24)

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Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human CX3CL1/Fractalkine in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, less than 10% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) MCP‑2 and rhMCP-4 is observed.

Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Immunogen

E. coli-derived recombinant human CX3CL1/Fractalkine
Gln25-Gly100
Accession # Q6I9S9

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL

Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain (Catalog # 362-CX)

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize CX3CL1/Fractalkine-induced chemotaxis in the BaF3 mouse pro‑B cell line transfected with mouse CX3CR1. The Neutralization Dose (ND₅₀) is typically 0.75-4.5 µg/mL in the presence of 100 ng/mL Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization

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Chemotaxis Induced by CX3CL1/Fractalkine and Neutralization by Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Antibody. Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine (Catalog # 365-FR) chemoattracts the BaF3 mouse pro-B cell line transfected with mouse CX3CR1 in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). The amount of cells that migrated through to the lower chemotaxis chamber was measured by Resazurin (Catalog # AR002). Chemotaxis elicited by Recombinant Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine (100 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF365). The ND₅₀ is typically 0.75-4.5 µg/mL.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Reconstitution Buffer Available

Reconstitution Buffer 1 (PBS)

Shipping

The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CX3CL1/Fractalkine

CX3CL1, also named neurotactin, is a novel chemokine identified through bioinformatics. CX3CL1 has a unique C-X₃-C cysteine motif near the amino-terminus and is the first member of a fourth branch of the chemokine superfamily. Unlike other known chemokines, CX3CL1 is a type 1 membrane protein containing a chemokine domain tethered on a long mucin-like stalk. Human CX3CL1 cDNA encodes a 397 amino acid (aa) residue membrane protein with a 24 aa residue predicted signal peptide, a 76 aa residue chemokine domain, a 241 aa residue stalk region containing 17 degenerate mucin-like repeats, a 19 aa residue transmembrane segment and a 37 aa residue cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular domain of human CX3CL1 can be released, possibly by proteolysis at the dibasic cleavage site proximal to the membrane, to generate soluble CX3CL1. CX3CL1 mRNA has been detected in various tissues including the brain and heart. The expression of CX3CL1 was also reported to be up-regulated in endothelial cells and microglia by inflammatory signals. Membrane-bound CX3CL1 has been shown to promote adhesion of leukocytes. The soluble chemokine domain of human CX3CL1 was reported to be chemotactic for T cells and monocytes while the soluble chemokine domain of mouse CX3CL1 was reported to chemoattract neutrophils and T-lymphocytes but not monocytes. The gene for human CX3CL1 has been mapped to chromosome 16q.

References

Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Nature 387:611.
Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) Nature 385:640.
Mackay, C.R. (1997) Current Biology 7:R384.

Entrez Gene IDs

6376 (Human); 20312 (Mouse); 89808 (Rat); 102117496 (Cynomolgus Monkey)

Alternate Names

ABCD-3; C3Xkine; chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1; CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine; CX3CL1; CXC3; CXC3C; FKN; Fractalkine; Neurotactin; neurotactin); NTNsmall inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member 1 (fractalkine; NTTSmall-inducible cytokine D1; SCYD1C-X3-C motif chemokine 1; small inducible cytokine subfamily D (Cys-X3-Cys), member-1

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Related Research Areas

Citations for Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine Chemokine Domain Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

24 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Diet-Induced Obesity Promotes Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis
Authors: Y Sun, XX Zhang, S Huang, H Pan, YZ Gai, YQ Zhou, L Zhu, HZ Nie, DX Li
Journal of Immunology Research, 2022;2022(0):5665964.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
A digital single-molecule nanopillar SERS platform for predicting and monitoring immune toxicities in immunotherapy
Authors: J Li, A Wuethrich, AAI Sina, HH Cheng, Y Wang, A Behren, PN Mainwaring, M Trau
Nature Communications, 2021;12(1):1087.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
Applications: ELISA Capture
Jinfukang inhibits lung cancer metastasis by upregulating CX3CL1 to recruit NK cells to kill CTCs
Authors: ZJ Que, JL Yao, ZY Zhou, P Yu, B Luo, HG Li, JX Liu, HX Xu, JH Tian
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2021;275(0):114175.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot
CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis
Authors: S Panigrahi, B Chen, M Fang, D Potashniko, AA Komissarov, A Lebedeva, GM Michaelson, JM Wyrick, SR Morris, SF Sieg, M Paiardini, FJ Villinger, K Harth, VS Kashyap, MJ Cameron, CM Cameron, E Vasilieva, L Margolis, SA Younes, NT Funderburg, DA Zidar, MM Lederman, ML Freeman
PLoS Pathog, 2020;16(9):e1008885.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC
CX3CL1 homo-oligomerization drives cell-to-cell adherence
Authors: MA Ostuni, P Hermand, E Saindoy, N Guillou, J Guellec, A Coens, C Hattab, E Desuzinges, A Jawhari, S Iatmanen-H, O Lequin, P Fuchs, JJ Lacapere, C Combadière, F Pincet, P Deterre
Sci Rep, 2020;10(1):9069.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot
Interplay of Plasmodium falciparum and thrombin in brain endothelial barrier disruption
Authors: M Avril, M Benjamin, MM Dols, JD Smith
Sci Rep, 2019;9(1):13142.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
Placental CX3CL1 is Deregulated by Angiotensin II and Contributes to a Pro-Inflammatory Trophoblast-Monocyte Interaction
Authors: O Nonn, J Güttler, D Forstner, S Maninger, J Zadora, A Balogh, A Frolova, A Glasner, F Herse, M Gauster
Int J Mol Sci, 2019;20(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot
The Fractalkine-Receptor Axis Improves Human Colorectal Cancer Prognosis by Limiting Tumor Metastatic Dissemination.
Authors: Erreni M, Siddiqui I, Marelli G, Grizzi F, Bianchi P, Morone D, Marchesi F, Celesti G, Pesce S, Doni A, Rumio C, Roncalli M, Laghi L, Mantovani A, Allavena P
J Immunol, 2016;196(2):902-14.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P
Involvement of the CX3CL1 (fractalkine)/CX3CR1 pathway in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease.
Authors: Brissot E, Bossard C, Malard F, Braudeau C, Chevallier P, Guillaume T, Delaunay J, Josien R, Gregoire M, Gaugler B, Mohty M
J Leukoc Biol, 2015;97(2):227-35.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P
Fractalkine-CX3CR1-dependent recruitment and retention of human CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells by in vitro-activated proximal tubular epithelial cells.
Authors: Kassianos A, Wang X, Sampangi S, Afrin S, Wilkinson R, Healy H
Kidney Int, 2015;87(6):1153-63.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-Fr

Crosstalk between monocytes and renal mesangial cells via interaction of metalloproteinases and fractalkine in diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: Wang Y, Wei Q, Liu Q, Li Z, Zhou L, Zou F, Yuan Y, Sun Z
Mol Med Rep, 2013;8(6):1817-23.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot

Expression and regulation of chemokines in murine and human type 1 diabetes.
Authors: Sarkar SA, Lee CE, Victorino F, Nguyen TT, Walters JA, Burrack A, Eberlein J, Hildemann SK, Homann D
Diabetes, 2012;61(2):436-46.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry

Fractalkine is a novel human adipochemokine associated with type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Shah R, Hinkle CC, Ferguson JF, Mehta NN, Li M, Qu L, Lu Y, Putt ME, Ahima RS, Reilly MP
Diabetes, 2011;60(5):1512-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization

Thromboxane prostanoid receptor stimulation induces shedding of the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1 yet enhances CX3CL1-dependent leukocyte adhesion.
Authors: Tole S, Durkan AM, Huang YW, Liu GY, Leung A, Jones LL, Taylor JA, Robinson LA
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2010;298(6):C1469-80.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot

Constitutive endocytosis of the chemokine CX3CL1 prevents its degradation by cell surface metalloproteases.
Authors: Huang YW, Su P, Liu GY, Crow MR, Chaukos D, Yan H, Robinson LA
J. Biol. Chem., 2009;284(43):29644-53.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC

An engineered CX3CR1 antagonist endowed with anti-inflammatory activity.
Authors: Dorgham K, Ghadiri A, Hermand P, Rodero M, Poupel L, Iga M, Hartley O, Gorochov G, Combadiere C, Deterre P
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2009;86(4):903-11.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Virus
Applications: ELISA Development

CX3CR1 is expressed by prostate epithelial cells and androgens regulate the levels of CX3CL1/fractalkine in the bone marrow: potential role in prostate cancer bone tropism.
Authors: Jamieson WL, Shimizu S, D'Ambrosio JA, Meucci O, Fatatis A
Cancer Res., 2008;68(6):1715-22.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P

Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate leukocyte capture by endothelium in response to Shiga toxin.
Authors: Zanchi C, Zoja C, Morigi M, Valsecchi F, Liu XY, Rottoli D, Locatelli M, Buelli S, Pezzotta A, Mapelli P, Geelen J, Remuzzi G, Hawiger J
J. Immunol., 2008;181(2):1460-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot

Down-regulation of surface fractalkine by RNA interference in B16 melanoma reduced tumor growth in mice.
Authors: Ren T, Chen Q, Tian Z, Wei H
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2007;364(4):978-84.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P

Fractalkine, a CX3C chemokine, as a mediator of ocular angiogenesis.
Authors: You JJ, Yang CH, Huang JS, Chen MS, Yang CM
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2007;48(11):5290-8.
Species: Bovine
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization

Immunohistochemical assessment of fractalkine, inflammatory cells, and human herpesvirus 7 in human salivary glands.
Authors: Latchney LR, Fallon MA, Culp DJ, Gelbard HA, Dewhurst S
J. Histochem. Cytochem., 2004;52(5):671-81.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC-P

Human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+-T-cell cytokine response induces fractalkine in endothelial cells.
Authors: Bolovan-Fritts CA, Trout RN, Spector SA
J. Virol., 2004;78(23):13173-81.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot

Detection of fractalkine in human seminal plasma and its role in infertile patients.
Authors: Zhang Q, Shimoya K, Ohta Y, Chin R, Tenma K, Isaka S, Nakamura H, Koyama M, Azuma C, Murata Y
Hum. Reprod., 2002;17(6):1560-4.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Seminal Plasma
Applications: Western Blot

The transmembrane form of the CX3CL1 chemokine fractalkine is expressed predominantly by epithelial cells in vivo.
Authors: Lucas AD, Chadwick N, Warren BF, Jewell DP, Gordon S, Powrie F, Greaves DR
Am. J. Pathol., 2001;158(3):855-66.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot